√PEN root. “lack, be without, have not”
- √PEN root. “lack, be without, have not”
- ᴱ√MANGA “lacking”
- ᴱ√OYO “*poor”
A root appearing in various notes from around 1959-60 with glosses like “lack” (PE17/144), “lack, have not” (PE17/173), and
“lack, be without” (WJ/375). The root clearly entered the Eldarin languages to explain the name S. Iarwain Ben-adar “Oldest and Fatherless” of Tom Bombadil (LotR/265), but Tolkien expanded its use from there.
References ✧ PE17/144, 171, 173; WJ/375, 408
Glosses
Variations
Related
- PEN “lack, not have” distinguished from PED “incline, slope” ✧ PE17/171
- PEN “lack, be without, have not” possibly replacing ᴹ√PEN(ED) “*hillside, slope”
- KWEN in Telerin clashed with PEN “lack, be without” ✧ WJ/375
- T. Pendi “the lacking, the poor” fell out of use since it was felt to be related to PEN ✧ WJ/408
Derivatives
- > ᴺQ. !penno “poor man”
- > ᴺQ. !penta- “to lose”
- > Q. pen “without, not having” ✧ PE17/171
- > Q. pen- “not to have” ✧ PE17/173
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !penië “lack, want, shortage, ⚠️poverty”
- > Q. penna “vowel; (orig.) lacking”
- > Q. penya “lacking, inadequate”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !aupenya “complete, without lack”
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !penyalë “poverty, deprivation”
- > S. pen- “to have not, *to lack” ✧ PE17/144; PE17/171; PE17/173
- > S. pen¹ “without, lacking, -less” ✧ PE17/173