ᴹAQ. combinations of voiced stops were unvoiced; [{bdg}{bdg}] > [{ptk}{ptk}]

ᴹAQ. combinations of voiced stops were unvoiced; [{bdg}{bdg}] > [{ptk}{ptk}]

References ✧ PE18/53, 64; PE19/40, 45

Order (01400)

Before 03000 voiced stops became spirants except after nasals and liquids

Phonetic Rule Elements

[bb] > [pp]
[bd] > [pt] ✧ PE19/50 (bd > pt)
[bg] > [pk]
[db] > [tp]
[dd] > [tt]
[dg] > [tk]
[gb] > [kp]
[gd] > [kt]
[gg] > [kk]

Phonetic Rule Examples

lubbo > luppo bb > pp ᴹ✶lubbŭ > ᴹQ. luppo ✧ PE19/45
labdā > laptā bd > pt ᴹ✶labdā > ᴹQ. lapsa ✧ PE19/45
libda > lipta bd > pt ᴹ✶libda > ᴹQ. lipsa ✧ Ety/LIB²
kʰagda > kʰakta gd > kt ᴹ✶khagda > ᴹQ. hahta ✧ Ety/KHAG
negdē > nektē gd > kt ᴹ✶negdē > ᴹQ. nehte ✧ EtyAC/NEG