ON. voiced stops became nasals before nasals; [{bdg}{mn}] > [{mnŋ}{mn}]

ON. voiced stops became nasals before nasals; [{bdg}{mn}] > [{mnŋ}{mn}]

This sound change was described by David Salo (GS/§4.47) and can be deduced from the examples in The Etymologies. The clearest examples of this change are:

In the second example, ON. yadme is attested as an element in ON. elyadme “sky-bridge” = “rainbow” (Ety/ƷEL) and its later form ON. *yanme is attested in the plural: yanmī “bridges” (PE22/27). @@@ Later changed to only homorganic stops (VT42/26)

@@@ but see ✶ledme-mbasta > lenm(e)mbast(a) > lenmbast > S. lembas (PE17/51)

References ✧ PE22/26, 35

Order (04700)

After 01700 voiceless stops were voiced before nasals

Phonetic Rule Elements

[bm] > [mm]
[bn] > [mn]
[dm] > [nm]
[dn] > [nn]
[gm] > [ŋm]
[gn] > [ŋn]

Phonetic Rule Examples

dubna > dumna bn > mn ᴹ√DUB > N. dofn ✧ Ety/DUB
kelebna > kelemna bn > mn ᴹ√KYÉLEP > celefn > N. celevon ✧ Ety/KYELEP
lebna > lemna bn > mn ᴹ✶lebnā > N. lhevon ✧ Ety/LEB
sθabne > sθamne bn > mn ᴹ✶stabnē > ON. sthamne ✧ Ety/STAB
tubna > tumna bn > mn ᴹ✶tubnā > N. tofn ✧ Ety/TUB
utubno > utumno bn > mn ᴹ✶Utubnu > N. Udūn ✧ Ety/TUB
eljadme > eljanme dm > nm ON. elyadme > N. eilian(w) ✧ Ety/ƷEL
jadme > janme dm > nm ᴹ✶yatmā > N. ianw ✧ Ety/YAT
ledmbasse > lenmbasse dm > nm led(e)mbasse > S. lembas ✧ PE17/52
ledmembasse > lenmembasse dm > nm ledme-mbassē > S. lembas ✧ PE17/51
ledmembasta > lenmembasta dm > nm ledme-mbasta > lenm(e)mbast(a) > lenmbast > S. lembas ✧ PE17/51
madna > manna dn > nn ᴹ✶matna > N. mann ✧ EtyAC/MAT
padna > panna dn > nn ᴹ✶patnā > N. pann ✧ Ety/PAT
padna- > panna- dn > nn ᴹ√PAT > N. panno ✧ Ety/PAT
dogme > doŋme gm > ŋm ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > dogme > dongme > ON. doume ✧ Ety/DOƷ
nagma > naŋma gm > ŋm ᴹ✶nakma > N. naew ✧ Ety/NAK
ragme > raŋme gm > ŋm ON. ragme > N. rhaew ✧ Ety/RAK
sagma > saŋma gm > ŋm ᴹ✶sagmā > N. saew ✧ Ety/SAG
sagma > saŋma gm > ŋm ON. sagma > saʒmh > sae̯mh > N. saęw ✧ PE22/32
tagma > taŋma gm > ŋm ᴹ✶takmā > N. taew ✧ Ety/TAK
tegma > teŋma gm > ŋm tekmā > tegmā > teŋw > S. tēw ✧ PE17/43
tegma > teŋma gm > ŋm tek-mā > S. tew ✧ PE17/44
tegma > teŋma gm > ŋm tekma > teŋ̃ma > S. tēw ✧ PE17/44
tegma > teŋma gm > ŋm ON. tegma > teiw > N. tew ✧ PE22/31
tegme > teŋme gm > ŋm ᴹ✶tekmē > N. tîw ✧ Ety/TEK
tegmi > teŋmi gm > ŋm tekmāi > tekmī > tiŋw > S. tīw ✧ PE17/43
tegmi > teŋmi gm > ŋm teñmi > tiñm(i) > S. tîw ✧ PE17/44
kugna > kuŋna gn > ŋn ᴹ✶kuʒnā > N. cûn ✧ Ety/KUƷ
legna > leŋna gn > ŋn ᴹ√LEK > lhein > N. lhain ✧ Ety/LEK
lugne > luŋne gn > ŋn ᴹ✶lugni > N. lhûn ✧ Ety/LUG²
lugni > luŋni gn > ŋn ᴹ✶lugni > N. luin ✧ Ety/LUG²
magna > maŋna gn > ŋn ON. magna > N. maen ✧ Ety/MAƷ|MAG
ndagno > ndaŋno gn > ŋn ON. ndagno > N. daen ✧ Ety/NDAK
ragna > raŋna gn > ŋn ᴹ√RAG > N. rhaen ✧ EtyAC/REG
ragna > raŋna gn > ŋn ON. ragna > N. rhaen ✧ Ety/RAG
regna > reŋna gn > ŋn ᴹ√REG > rhein > N. rhain ✧ Ety/REG
rigna > riŋna gn > ŋn ᴹ√RIG > N. rhîn ✧ Ety/RIG
tagna > taŋna gn > ŋn ᴹ✶taʒna > N. taen ✧ Ety/TĀ