ᴹQ. [kʷ] ‹q›

ᴹQ. [kʷ] ‹q›

References ✧ PE19/35, 38; PE22/65-66

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹQ. [no change] < ✧ PE19/38 (kw > kw)
ᴹAQ. initial nasals plus stops reduced to nasals k- < ŋk- ✧ PE19/38 (ñky > kw; initial)

ᴱQ. [kʷ] ‹q›

References ✧ PE12/16-17, 22-23; PE14/41, 60

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. [no change] < ✧ PE12/16 (k͡w > ku̯)
ᴱQ. voiceless spirants became stops after nasals ŋkʷ < ŋxʷ ✧ PE12/17 (nasals + x͡w > nq)
ᴱQ. [xʷ] became [kʷ] after voiceless stops {tʲptk}kʷ < {tʲptk}xʷ ✧ PE12/17 (voiceless stops + x͡w > q)
ᴱQ. [kʷkʷ] became [kʷ] < kʷkʷ ✧ PE12/22 (qq > q)
ᴱQ. voiceless stop assimilated to following voiceless stop except [t] kʷkʷ < kkʷ ✧ PE12/22 (kq > q)
ᴱQ. voiceless stop assimilated to following voiceless stop except [t] kʷkʷ < tʲkʷ ✧ PE12/22 (c̑ + q > q)
ᴱQ. voiceless stop assimilated to following voiceless stop except [t] kʷkʷ < tkʷ ✧ PE12/23 ([t] + q > q)