Q. [ŋ] ‹ñ›

Q. [ŋ] ‹ñ›

References ✧ LotR/1114; PE17/60, 104; PE18/105; PE19/71-72, 76-77, 80, 95; PE22/149

Variations

• ng ✧ LotR/1114; LotR/1114
• ñg ✧ PE17/104
• ñq ✧ PE17/104
• ñ ✧ PE19/72; PE19/76; PE19/80; PE19/95

Element In

• Q. k-series
• Q. nasals

Phonetic Development

Q. [no change]	ŋ	<	ŋ	✧ PE17/60 (ñ- > ñ); PE18/105 (ñ > [ø]); PE19/71 (ñ > ñ; initially before vowels)
✶[ŋŋ], [ŋɣ] became [ŋg]	ŋg	<	ŋŋ	✧ PE22/149 (-nŋ > ŋŋ > ng)
AQ. syllabic nasals developed a preceding vowel of similar quality	iŋg-	<	ŋ̣g-	✧ PE19/77 (*ŋ̣g- > *iŋg-)
AQ. syllabic nasals developed a preceding vowel of similar quality	iŋgj-	<	ŋ̣gj-	✧ PE19/77 (*ŋ̣gj- > *iŋgj-)
AQ. initial nasals plus stops reduced to nasals	ŋ-	<	ŋg-	✧ PE18/105 (ñg > ñ)

ᴹQ. [ŋ] ‹ñ›

References ✧ PE19/38, 50; PE22/65-66

Variations

• ng ✧ PE22/65; PE22/66

Element In

• ᴹQ. k-series ✧ PE22/65
• ᴹQ. nasals ✧ PE22/65

Phonetic Development

ᴹQ. [no change]	ŋ	<	ŋ	✧ PE19/50 (ñk > ñk); PE19/50 (ñg > ñg); PE19/50 (ñkw > ñkw); PE19/50 (ñgw > ñgw)
ᴹQ. [nm], [ŋm] became [nw], [ŋgw]	ŋgw	<	ŋm	✧ PE19/50 (ñm > ñgw)
ᴹAQ. initial nasals plus stops reduced to nasals	ŋ-	<	ŋg-	✧ PE19/38 (ñg > ñ; initial)

ᴱQ. [ŋ] ‹ng›

References ✧ PE12/24; PE14/41-42, 60

Variations

• ng ✧ PE14/41; PE14/42
• n(g) ✧ PE14/60
• n(k) ✧ PE14/60

Element In

• ᴱQ. k-series
• ᴱQ. nasals ✧ PE14/41

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. nasals became [n] before [j]

ŋj

>

nj

✧ PE12/24 (ŋ + y > ny)