Q. [a]

Q. [a]

References ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/124; PE19/83, 86, 98, 102

Variations

• a ✧ LotR/1115

Element In

• Q. vowels

Phonetic Development

Q. nasals and liquids often became syllabic after a consonant	Car	<	Cr	✧ PE19/83 (r > ṛ > ar; after stops or aspirates); PE19/86 (pr > par); PE19/86 (tr > tar); PE19/86 (kr > kar); PE19/98 (mr > mar); PE19/98 (n-r > nar); PE19/102 (z-r > zar)
AQ. syllabic nasals developed a preceding vowel of similar quality	and-	<	ṇd-	✧ PE17/124 (ṇ > an)

ᴹQ. [a]

Reference ✧ PE21/6 ✧ ai

Element In

• ᴹQ. vowels

Phonetic Development

ᴹQ. [ei], [ou] generally became [ī], [ū]

ai

<

éi

✧ PE21/6 (ei > ai; after ı̯)

ᴱQ. [a]

References ✧ PE12/9-10, 12, 14; PE14/41

Variations

• ă ✧ PE12/9; PE12/9
• a ✧ PE14/41

Element In

• ᴱQ. vowels ✧ PE14/41

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. long syllabic [ḹ], [ṝ] became [al], [ar]	al	<	ḹ	✧ PE12/10 (ḷ long > al)
ᴱQ. long syllabic [ḹ], [ṝ] became [al], [ar]	ar	<	ṝ	✧ PE12/10 (ṛ long > ar)
ᴱQ. long syllabic [ṇ̄] became [a] + homorganic nasal	aŋkʷ	<	ṇ̄kʷ	✧ PE12/10 (long nasals + q > aȵ)
ᴱQ. long syllabic [ṇ̄] became [a] + homorganic nasal	aŋk	<	ṇ̄k	✧ PE12/10 (long nasals + k > aȵ)
ᴱQ. long syllabic [ṇ̄] became [a] + homorganic nasal	an	<	ṇ̄	✧ PE12/10 (long nasals + k̑ > añ); PE12/10 (long nasals + t > an)
ᴱQ. long syllabic [ṇ̄] became [a] + homorganic nasal	amp	<	ṇ̄p	✧ PE12/10 (long nasals + p > am)
ᴱQ. short syllabic [ṛ] became [ar], [ir] before palatalized consonants or [ur] after [w] and [kʷ]	ar	<	ṛ	✧ PE12/10 (ṛ short + q > ar); PE12/10 (ṛ short + k > ar); PE12/10 (ṛ short + t > ar); PE12/10 (ṛ short + p > ar)
ᴱQ. [oe] became [oa]	oa	<	oe	✧ PE12/12 (oe (ávo) > oa); PE12/14 (ō̆ē̆ > oa)