Eldamo : Middle Primitive Elvish : LUG¹

ᴹ√LUG¹ root. “be heavy”

ᴹ√LUG¹ root. “be heavy”

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “be heavy”, with the derived adjectives ᴹQ. lunga and N. lhong of the same meaning (Ety/LUG¹). Given the appearance of G. lung “heavy; grave, serious” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, I think the idea for this root dates back to this period, though the related verb G. luntha- “balance, weigh” indicates the Early-period root may have been *ᴱ√LUŊU instead (GL/55). Tolkien’s continued used of Q. lungu- and S. -lung for “heavy” in his later writings indicates its ongoing validity (S/185; PE17/162; VT47/19).

References ✧ Ety/LUG¹, MAP; PE22/102

Glosses

“be heavy” ✧ PE22/102

Derivatives

⇒ Ilk. Mablung “Heavy-hand” ✧ Ety/MAP
> ᴹ✶lungā “heavy” ✧ Ety/LUG¹
- > Ilk. lung “heavy” ✧ Ety/LUG¹
  - ⇒ Ilk. Mablung “Heavy-hand” ✧ Ety/LUG¹
- > ᴹQ. lunga “heavy; fraught” ✧ Ety/LUG¹
  - ⇒ ᴺQ. !lapselunga “pregnant, (lit.) baby-heavy”
  - ⇒ ᴺQ. !sanwelunga “serious, (lit.) thought-heavy”
    - ⇒ ᴺQ. !sanwelungië “seriousness”
- > N. lhong “heavy” ✧ Ety/LUG¹
> ᴹQ. lu- “to be heavy, be sad” ✧ PE22/102
- ⇒ ᴺQ. !luitë “melancholic, (lit.) habitually being sad”
⇒ ᴹQ. Lunguma “Heavy Hand”
> ᴺQ. !lungwë “pound”
> *✶lungu “heavy”
- > Q. #lungo “heavy”
  - ⇒ 6 compounds
- > S. #lung “heavy”
  - ⇒ S. Mablung “Heavy Hand” ✧ S/185

*ᴱ√LUŊU root.

See ᴹ√LUG¹ for discussion.

Derivatives

> ᴱN. lhung “heavy”
- ⇒ ᴱN. dalhung “not heavy”
- ⇒ ᴱN. Mablung “Heavyhand”
> ᴱQ. lungo “heavy”
- ⇒ ᴱQ. lunga(na)- “to sag, bend (down), hang heavy, lean” ✧ PE16/75
> ᴱQ. lungwe “[unglossed]”
> G. lung “heavy; grave, serious”
- ⇒ G. lungra- “to weigh, bear on, hang heavy” ✧ LT2A/Mablung
- ⇒ G. Mablung “Heavy-hand(ed)” ✧ LT2A/Mablung
> G. luntha- “to balance, weigh”
- ⇒ G. lunthang “balance, scales” ✧ GL/55; LT2A/Mablung