ᴱQ. final voiceless spirants were weakened and voiced; [-xw|-θj|-{xθs}] > [-w|-j|-{ɣðz}]

⚠️ᴱQ. final voiceless spirants were weakened and voiced; [-xw|-θj|-{xθs}] > [-w|-j|-{ɣðz}]

Reference ✧ PE12/20

Order ()

After final [ɸ] became [xʷ]
Before later [j], [w] became [i], [u] finally or between a vowel and a consonant
Before [ð] became [z]
Before 02200 final [ɣ] vanished with compensatory lengthening

Phonetic Rule Elements

[-xw] > [-w] ✧ PE12/20 (ƕ > )
[-x] > [-ɣ] ✧ PE12/20 (h > ʒ)
[-θ] > [-ð] ✧ PE12/20 (þ > đ)
[-θj] > [-j] ✧ PE12/20 (hy > )
[-s] > [-z] ✧ PE12/20 (s > z)

Phonetic Rule Examples

karas > karaz -s > -z ᴱ✶karase > karar > ᴱQ. kalar ✧ PE14/70
dax > daɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√TAHA > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/87
fex > feɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√ǶEHE > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/41
kax > kaɣ -x > -ɣ ‽ᴱ√KAHA > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/43
kʷax > kʷaɣ -x > -ɣ ‽ᴱ√QAHA > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/76
lux > luɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√LUHU > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/56
max > maɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√MAHA > maha > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/57
rax > raɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√RAHA > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/78
sax > saɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√SAHA > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/81
sex > seɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ✶þeχē > ᴱQ. ✧ PE12/21
sex > seɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√SEHE > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/82
sux > suɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√SUHU > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/86
vax > vaɣ -x > -ɣ ᴱ√VAHA > ᴱQ. ✧ QL/99