Q. [s]

Q. [s]

References ✧ Let/425; LotR/1114; PE17/52, 71, 76, 92; PE18/91; PE19/71, 73, 79-80, 82, 87-88, 99, 102; PM/331; VT42/18

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Developments

d-d > st [d+d] > [zd] > [st] ✧ PE18/91

Phonetic Development

Q. [no change] s < s ✧ PE19/73 (s > s; initially)
[t+t], [d+d] from suffixion became [st], [zd] st < t+t ✧ PE18/91 (t-t > st); VT42/18 (t-t > st)
[t+t], [d+d] from suffixion became [st], [zd] zd < d+d ✧ PE18/91 (d-d > st)
AQ. [z] plus voiced stop became unvoiced st < zd ✧ PE17/52 (zd > st)
AQ. syllabic initial [s] became [is] is- < ṣ- ✧ PE19/79 ( > is)
Q. [θ] became [s] s < θ ✧ Let/425 (þ > s); LotR/1114 (th > s); PE17/76 (þ > s); PE19/71 (þ > s); PE19/82 (thy > sy); PE19/82 (thw > sw)
Q. [rs] became [ss] ss < rs ✧ PE17/71 (rs > ss); PE19/99 (rs > ss)

ᴹQ. [s]

References ✧ PE19/37, 50-51; PE22/65

Variations

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴹQ. [no change] s < s ✧ PE19/37 (s > s; initial); PE19/51 (ls > ls); PE19/51 (ss > ss); PE19/51 (st > st); PE19/51 (sty > sty); PE19/51 (skw > skw)
ᴹAQ. [ns] became [ss] or [nz] ss < ns ✧ PE19/51 (ns > ss)
ᴹAQ. [sr] became [ss] ss < sr ✧ PE19/51 (sr > r [ss?]); PE19/51 (sr > ss)
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates ps < pr ✧ PE19/50 (pr > ps)
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates ps < pʰr ✧ PE19/50 (phr > ps)
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates ts < tr ✧ PE19/50 (tr > ts)
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates ts < tʰr ✧ PE19/50 (thr > ts)
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates ks < kr ✧ PE19/50 (kr > ks)
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates ks < kʰr ✧ PE19/50 (khr > ks)
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates ns < ntr ✧ PE19/50 (ntr > ns; rare)
ᴹQ. [pt], [kt] became [ps], [xt] ps < pt ✧ PE19/50 (pt > ps)
ᴹQ. [θ] became [s] s < θ ✧ PE19/50 (th > s); PE19/50 (thy > sy); PE19/50 (thw > sw); PE19/50 (nth > ns; later); PE19/51 (lth > ls); PE19/51 (lth > ls; TQ); PE19/51 (rth > rs); PE19/51 (rthy > rsy)
ᴹQ. [rs] became [ss] ss < rs ✧ PE19/51 (rs > r [ss?])
ᴹQ. initial [ps], [ks] became [s] s- < ps- ✧ PE19/37 (ps > s; initial)
ᴹQ. initial [ps], [ks] became [s] s- < ks- ✧ PE19/37 (ks > s; initial)
ᴹQ. initial [ps], [ks] became [s] s- < ts- ✧ PE19/37 (ts > s; initial)

ᴱQ. [s]

References ✧ PE12/16, 19-20, 24, 26; PE14/41, 60

Variations

Changes

Element In

Phonetic Development

ᴱQ. [no change] s < s ✧ PE12/16 (s > s)
ᴱQ. [sx] became [ss] ss < sx ✧ PE12/20 (sx > sh > ss)
ᴱQ. [θ] became [s] s < θ ✧ PE12/16 (þ > s); PE12/19 (þ > s); PE12/24 (þ > s)
ᴱQ. final [ss], [st], [ps], [ts], [ks] became [s] -s < -ss ✧ PE12/26 (-ss > -s)
ᴱQ. final [ss], [st], [ps], [ts], [ks] became [s] -s < -ks ✧ PE12/26 (ks > -s)
ᴱQ. final [ss], [st], [ps], [ts], [ks] became [s] -s < -ps ✧ PE12/26 (ps > -s)
ᴱQ. final [ss], [st], [ps], [ts], [ks] became [s] -s < -ts ✧ PE12/26 (ts > -s)
ᴱQ. final [ss], [st], [ps], [ts], [ks] became [s] -s < -st ✧ PE12/26 (st > -s)
ᴱQ. initial [sw] and [sβ] became [f], [sj] became [j̊] sβ- > f- ✧ PE12/19 (su̯, sw̑, sƀ > f)
ᴱQ. initial [sw] and [sβ] became [f], [sj] became [j̊] sj- > j̊- ✧ PE12/19 (sı̯, sẏ > hy)
ᴱQ. final [s] became [r] -Vs > -Vr ✧ PE12/26 (-s > -r)
ᴱQ. final [ss], [st], [ps], [ts], [ks] became [s] -ss > -s ✧ PE12/26 (-ss > -s)