S. athra-¹ v. “to cross (to and fro)” (Category: Across, Athwart)
A verb for “to cross (to and fro)” based on the root √THAR, also used as a prefix (PE17/14).
Conceptual Development: The Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s had ᴱN. athra- “to face, look in a certain direction, oppose” < ᴱON. anthra- based on ᴱN. ant “face, front”.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume this verb (and prefix) is used for either crossing back and forth as in athrabeth “conversation”, or a static crossing such as i iant athra i hîr “the bridge crosses the river”. For crossing in a single direction, I would use [N.] athrada- “to cross, traverse”, as in i adan athrada i eryd “the man crosses the mountains [one way]”. For the Early Noldorin sense “to face” I would use ᴺS. nevra-.
References ✧ PE17/14
Glosses
Related
Elements
| -ra | “many Sindarin adverbs end in [this]” | ✧ PE17/14 (-ra) |
Element In
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
| ✶atta- > athra | [attara-] > [attʰara-] > [aθθara-] > [aθθra-] > [aθra-] | ✧ PE17/14 |
| ✶aþra- > athra- | [atʰra-] > [aθra-] | ✧ PE17/14 |
ᴱN. athra- v. “to face, look in a certain direction, oppose” (Category: To, Towards)
References ✧ PE13/160
Glosses
Variations
Inflections
| †enneirn | aorist | ✧ PE13/160: aor. |
| ethraint | aorist | ✧ PE13/160: aor. |
| †annarn | passive-participle | ✧ PE13/160: pp. |
| athrant | passive-participle | ✧ PE13/160: pp. later |
| annar | present | ✧ PE13/160: pres. sg. |
| athrog | present masc | ✧ PE13/160: m. |
Elements
| ant | “face, front, forward surface” | ✧ PE13/160 |
Element In