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Q. #hen (hend-) n. “eye” (Category: Eye)

Q. #hen (hend-), n. “eye” (Category: Eye)
ᴱQ. sinda¹ “eye”
ᴹQ. yé² “eye”
ᴱQ. “eye, eyeball, pupil”

The Quenya word for “eye”, derived from the root √KHEN for eye-words (PE17/187; Ety/KHEN-D-E) and with stem-form hend- given its dual hendu (WJ/337).

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as ᴱQ. hen in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ and appearing beside ᴱQ. “eye, pupil” < ᴱ✶þeχē (PE12/21). Hen (hend-) “eye” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon though it was marked “†” for archaic (QL/40), and ᴱQ. hend- also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as the cognate of G. hen “eye” (GL/48). ᴱQ. hen appeared regularly in documents from the 1920s (PE13/147; PE14/43, 76; PE16/136), although in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s ᴱQ. sinda was given as the cognate of ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” (PE13/122). The form ᴱQ. sinda seems to have been a transient idea.

A lengthy declension of ᴹQ. hen “eye” appeared in documents from the early 1930s (PE21/52) and in The Etymologies of the 1930s it was based on a new the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). In both these documents, inflected forms indicate a stem form of hend-. Thus this word and its stem were quite stable in Tolkien’s mind, though he did alter its root from early ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] to later √KHEN.

References ✧ WJ/337

Inflections

hendu dual ✧ WJ/337

Element In

Cognates

Derivations


ᴹQ. hen (hend-) n. “eye” (Category: Eye)

See Q. #hen for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E; PE21/52, 61

Glosses

Variations

Inflections

hendullo ablative   ✧ PE21/52
hendulo ablative   ✧ PE21/52
henda accusative   ✧ PE21/52
hendalte comitative dual   ✧ PE21/52
hentar dative dual   ✧ PE21/52
hendū dual “eyes (of one person)” ✧ PE21/61
hendan genitive   ✧ PE21/61
hendu genitive   ✧ PE21/52
?henduen genitive dual   ✧ PE21/61
hendunt genitive dual   ✧ PE21/61
hentu genitive dual   ✧ PE21/52
hendawen instrumental dual   ✧ PE21/52
†hetse locative; assimilated “in the eye” ✧ PE21/52: = hendse
hen nominative   ✧ PE21/52
hendat nominative dual   ✧ PE21/52
hent nominative dual   ✧ PE21/52
hendin nominative plural   ✧ PE21/52
hendi plural   ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E
hendon similative   ✧ PE21/52

Element In

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > hen [kʰende] > [kʰend] > [xend] > [hend] > [hen] ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E

ᴱQ. hen (hend-) n. “eye” (Category: Eye)

See Q. #hen for discussion.

References ✧ GL/48; PE12/21; PE13/147; PE14/43, 52, 76, 117; PE15/72; PE16/136; PME/40; QL/40, 82

Glosses

Variations

Related

Inflections

henda accusative   ✧ PE16/136
henqi dual   ✧ PE14/52; PE14/76; PE14/117; PE15/72
henwi dual   ✧ PE12/21; QL/40; QL/82
hendi plural   ✧ PE13/147; PE14/43; PE14/76; PE14/117; PE15/72; QL/40; QL/82
hend- stem   ✧ GL/48; QL/40
hend- stem “eye” ✧ PME/40

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ > hen [θxendǝ] > [θxend] > [xxend] > [hend] > [hen] ✧ PE12/21
ᴱ✶ske-ndá > hen [skenda] > [skendǝ] > [skend] > [xend] > [hend] > [hen] ✧ PE13/147