Early Quenya Semantic Categories
1.
Physical World
- 1.11 World
- 1.21 Earth, Land
- 1.212 Ground, Soil
- 1.213 Dust, Powder
- 1.214 Mud, Mire
- 1.215 Sand, Grit
- 1.22 Hill, Mountain
- 1.221 Peak, Summit
- 1.222 Slope, Cliff
- 1.223 Mound, Pile
- 1.23 Plain, Field
- 1.24 Dale, Valley
- 1.241 Ravine, Pass
- 1.25 Isle, Island
- 1.27 Shore, Beach
- 1.31 Water
- 1.32 Sea
- 1.33 Lake, Pond
- 1.34 Gulf, Bay
- 1.35 Wave, Surge
- 1.351 Foam, Froth
- 1.352 Splash, Spray
- 1.36 Brook, Stream, River
- 1.37 Spring, Well
- 1.41 Woods, Forest
- 1.43 Wood, Timber
- 1.44 Rock, Stone
- 1.46 Cave
- 1.51 Sky, Heavens
- 1.52 Sun
- 1.53 Moon
- 1.54 Star
- 1.55 Flash, Lightning
- 1.56 Noise, Thunder
- 1.61 Light
- 1.62 Darkness
- 1.622 Dark, Murky
- 1.63 Shade, Shadow
- 1.71 Air, Ether
- 1.72 Wind
- 1.722 Storm
- 1.723 Breeze
- 1.73 Cloud, Mirk
- 1.74 Mist, Fog, Haze
- 1.75 Rain
- 1.752 Rainbow
- 1.76 Snow
- 1.77 Ice, Frost
- 1.772 to Freeze
- 1.78 Weather
- 1.81 Fire
- 1.82 Flame
- 1.83 Smoke
- 1.85 to Burn, Scorch
- 1.86 to Light, Kindle
- 1.87 Match, Fire Stick
- 1.99 Physical World (other)
1.11 World
- irmin n. “the inhabited world”
- marda n. “world”
1.21 Earth, Land
- kemi n. “earth, soil, land”
- talat n. “dry land”
1.212 Ground, Soil
- hamba adj. “on the ground”
- hambanoite adj. “on the ground”
- han (hamb-) n. “ground, earth”
- kemen n. “soil, earth”
- pingwa adj. “fat, rich (of soil)”
- sar n. “earth, soil”
1.213 Dust, Powder
- mul (muld-) n. “fine powder”
- mulda adj. “powdery”
1.214 Mud, Mire
- lúke n. “slime”
- lúkima adj. “slimy”
- lukso (luksu-) n. “mud”
- luksor n. “swamp, bog”
1.215 Sand, Grit
- ára n. “dry sand, grit”
- arqilis n. “desert”
- mar⁴ (mard-) n. “grit, coarse grain or powder”
- marma n. “sand”
- tyusse n. “sand”
1.22 Hill, Mountain
- ambo n. “hill”
- †amun (amund-) n. “hill”
- oro n. “hill”
- oron² (orond-) n. “hill”
- tolda n. “hill (with a flat top), hill top; town on a hill”
1.221 Peak, Summit
- kolman n. “peak, summit”
- nóla n. “summit, head, top (only used of mountains etc.); (round) hill; crown of head”
- orme¹ n. “summit, crest, hilltop”
- soron² n. “pinnacle, high peak, crag”
- torme n. “mountain (peak)”
1.222 Slope, Cliff
- aiko (aiku-) n. “cliff”
- aikuvoite adj. “cliffy, rocky”
- aiqasse n. “precipice”
- ollo n. “cliff, seaward precipice”
- #penda² adj. “*sloping”
- róma n. “upward path, mountain side, (mountain) slope, alp”
- tilt- v. “to make slope, incline (tr.), decline, shake at foundations, make totter”
- tilta adj. “slanting”
- tiltin adj. “slanting”
1.223 Mound, Pile
- kumpo n. “pile”
- pulme n. “lump, knob”
- rakte n. “pile, heap”
- tupse n. “lump, knob”
- tyúma n. “lump, mass”
1.23 Plain, Field
- endl n. “plain, vale”
- enga n. “mead”
- fal(a)toisi n. “meadow, grassland”
- lá¹ n. “moor, heath, open space”
- laire n. “meadow”
- lé n. “a sward, glade”
- nendo n. “water mead”
- nes¹ n. “mead, valley, land”
- palume n. “plain”
1.24 Dale, Valley
- nal (nald-) n. “dale, dell”
- nalda adj. “lowly, valley (aj.), dale (aj.)”
- tumbo n. “dale, vale”
- umbe n. “dale, dell”
1.241 Ravine, Pass
- falqa n. “(mountain) pass, ravine, cliff, cleft”
- fáse n. “gulf, gap”
- kirme n. “cleft, gully”
1.25 Isle, Island
- tol (toll-) n. “island, isle”
- tolome n. “island”
1.27 Shore, Beach
- ailin² n. “shore”
- arakte n. “(stony) beach”
- falas(se) (falass-) n. “shore, beach, surf”
- marmale n. “beach”
- rímen n. “border, shore”
- sorakte n. “beach”
1.31 Water
- linqe n. and adj. “water, stream; flowing, wet”
- linqea adj. “watery”
- mirmila adj. “rippling”
- nen¹ (nend-) n. “river, water”
- ninda¹ n. “water, river”
1.32 Sea
- haloisi n. “the sea (in storm)”
- laivar n. “ocean”
- ua n. “the sea”
- vea² n. “sea”
1.33 Lake, Pond
- ailin¹ (ailind-) n. “lake, pool”
- ailo (ailu-) n. “lake, pool”
- liqilla n. “(clear) pool”
- moile n. “tarn”
1.34 Gulf, Bay
- kópa n. “harbour, haven, bay”
1.35 Wave, Surge
- falasta- v. “to surge, make a sound like surf”
- falmar n. “wave (as it breaks), foamcrest”
- palastor n. “surf”
- palaswin (palaswing-) n. “wave-crest”
- solme n. “wave”
- solor (solos-) n. “surf, surge; wavebreak, coast”
- solto- v. “to wave, heave, surge (up and down)”
1.351 Foam, Froth
- falma n. “foam, wave”
- falmo n. “foam”
- hoiye n. “foam”
- palasse n. “foam, splashing”
- palassea adj. “foaming (of the sea)”
- uilosse n. “foam”
- winge n. “(blowing) foam, spindrift, froth, scud, spray; wave”
1.352 Splash, Spray
- palasya- v. “to splash, foam”
- timpa n. “spray, nozzle of hose”
- timpina adj. “fine, powdered, sprayed”
- timpine n. “spray”
- vaska adj. “making a plash or rush”
1.36 Brook, Stream, River
- aksa¹ n. “waterfall”
- kelu(me) n. “stream; fountain, spring”
- kelusindi n. “river (near its source)”
- sindi n. “river”
- síre n. “stream”
- wenda n. “brook”
- wente n. “brook, small river”
- wereven(da) (werevend-) n. “winding rill”
1.37 Spring, Well
- ehtil n. “spring, fount, source”
- ektele n. “fountain”
- kapalinda n. “spring of water”
- kekta n. “jet, spring”
- kektele n. “fountain”
- †kektelu- v. “to bubble up”
- qelu n. “well, spring, source”
- qelu- v. “to well up”
- tampo n. “well”
- vaskelu n. “fountain”
1.41 Woods, Forest
- málos n. “forest”
- nan (nand-) n. “woodland, *land”
- tauno n. “(great) forest”
- taure n. “forest”
- tavas (tavast-) n. “woodland”
1.43 Wood, Timber
- aldare n. “wood”
- kinda n. “splinter”
- tundo n. “firewood, fuel”
- turu n. “wood (as material), (orig.) firewood”
- turúva adj. “wooden”
- turuvoite adj. “rich in timber”
1.44 Rock, Stone
- alas (alast-) n. “marble”
- alasta adj. “of marble, marble”
- alaswa adj. “like marble”
- arak n. “shingle, piles of stones”
- #hon¹ (hond-) n. “stone, rock”
- hyelle n. “pebble”
- ‽lalle (lalli-) n. “pebble”
- on(d) n. “(a) stone”
- ondo n. “stone, rock”
- onwa adj. “stony”
- silik (siliq-) n. “flint”
- siliq(in)a adj. “flinty”
- sink (sinq-) n. “mineral, gem, metal”
- soraksa n. “shingle”
- tolot (tolokt-) n. “pebble, cobble-stone”
1.46 Cave
- asampe(a) adj. “cavernous”
- kambo n. “cellar, cave, vault”
- orot n. “cave”
- ronda n. “cavern”
- rótele n. “cave”
- rotl n. “cave, hollow, grot”
- sampe n. “cave, hollow”
- sinqele n. “mine”
1.51 Sky, Heavens
- ilwe n. “sky, heavens”
- taime n. “sky”
- taitelúme n. “firmament”
- telume n. “the heavens, (vault of) heaven, firmament”
- vaite adj. “skied”
- vaiya¹ n. “sky, skies”
1.52 Sun
- Ahúra n. “Sun”
- †ahúrasilqi n. “sun and moon”
- aure (auri-) n. “sunlight, sunshine, gold light, warmth”
- aurea adj. “sunny, sunlit”
- aurinka adj. “sunny”
- auro n. “sun”
- aurqila adj. “golden, sunlit”
- firin¹ n. “ray of sun”
- osto n. “gates of the Sun”
1.53 Moon
- kú n. “crescent moon”
- Rána n. “Moon”
- ránuringwi n. “sun and moon”
- rinku n. “orb of Moon”
- Sil (Sill-) n. “Moon; Rose”
- silma n. “ray of moonlight”
- #silme adj. “gleaming, silver”
- silmea adj. “*of the moon”
- silmerána n. “gleaming moon, silver moon”
1.54 Star
- íle n. “star”
- letinwesse n. “constellation”
- lintitinwe adj. “having many stars, many-starred”
- tinwe n. “star”
- titinwe n. “small star, a sparkle of dew”
1.55 Flash, Lightning
- sile n. “glint (of white)”
- wintil n. “a glint”
- winwe (winwi-) n. “a sparkling, flash”
- winya- v. “to flash, glint”
1.56 Noise, Thunder
- fundu(na)- v. “?to thunder”
- lausta-² v. “to roar, rush [making a rushing sound]”
- lausto adv. “*noisily”
- limpalasse n. “much roaring”
- limpalassea adj. “much roaring”
- londa- v. “to boom, bang”
- lon(de) (lond-) n. “loud noise”
- patakan n. “rattling, clatter”
- patakanda adj. “rattling, clattering”
- patakatapaka n. “rat-a-tat”
- patake n. “clatter”
- patakta- v. “to clatter”
- ran (ram-) n. “noise”
- tompo-tompo n. “noise of drums (or guns)”
1.61 Light
- alka n. “ray (of light), light of day; shining”
- kala¹ n. “light, daytime (sunlight), 12 hours”
- kal(l)u- v. “to illuminate, to light up”
- kalma n. “(day)light; candle”
- kate (kati-) n. “gleam, ray”
1.62 Darkness
- hui n. “dark, murk, fog; night, evening”
- ilkala n. “*nighttime, darkness”
- lur- v. “?to be dark”
- yara n. “a gloom, blight, lowering darkness”
1.622 Dark, Murky
- hiswa adj. “dim, fading”
- huiva adj. “murky”
- móre (móri-) n. and adj. “night, darkness; black, dark”
- yanda adj. “dark, gloomy”
1.63 Shade, Shadow
- #lómea adj. “*gloomy”
- lómin n. “shade, shadow”
- lómina adj. “shadowy”
1.71 Air, Ether
- ilma n. “air”
- ilu n. “ether”
- vilina adj. “airy, breezy, light”
- vílyava adj. “airy”
1.72 Wind
- noswe n. “a wet wind (SW)”
- sú n. “(noise of) wind”
- suiva adj. “soughing, moaning”
- súlime n. “wind”
- súru n. “air-spirit; wind, gale”
- susúlima adj. “full of wind, windy, airy”
- †súye n. “air, breezes, winds”
- wá n. “wind”
- wanwavoite adj. “windy”
1.722 Storm
- húro n. “storm”
- laume¹ n. “storm, overcast sky”
- laumea adj. “dark, stormy”
- wanwa n. “great gale”
1.723 Breeze
- víle n. “gentle breeze”
1.73 Cloud, Mirk
- aulo n. “cloud”
- fanya n. “cloud”
- lumbo n. “dark lowering cloud”
1.74 Mist, Fog, Haze
- híse n. and adj. “dusk, mist, haze; bleared”
- mirde n. “mist”
- nóte n. “dew”
- qosse n. “mist”
- rin² (ring-) n. “dew”
- usqe n. “fog”
1.75 Rain
- mie¹ n. “mist, drizzle”
- note (notsi-) n. “drizzle”
- notsiva adj. “drizzling”
- timpe n. “fine rain”
- timpínea adj. “made of spray, full of fine showers, showery (of weather)”
- úqil n. “rain”
- #uqu- v. “to rain”
1.752 Rainbow
- iluqinga n. “rainbow”
- ilweran(ta) n. “bridge of heaven, rainbow”
- ukku n. “rainbow”
1.76 Snow
- fauta- v. “to snow”
- fáwe n. “snow”
- is (iss-) n. “light snow”
- nieninqe n. “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear”
- nieninqea adj. “like a snowdrop”
- niqetil (niqetild-) n. “snow cap”
- niqileninqe adj. “snow-white”
- niqilis n. “fine snow”
- niqis (niqiss-) n. “snow”
- niqissea adj. “snowy”
- niqista- v. “to snow”
- tiqilin (tiqilind-) n. “thaw, melting snow, slush”
1.77 Ice, Frost
- helke n. “ice”
- liqilitl n. “icicle, *(lit.) clear drop”
- ringwe n. “rime, frost; cold”
- yalka n. “ice”
- yelma n. “(a bout of) frost; a cold; chill”
1.772 to Freeze
- halkin adj. “frozen”
- hilk- v. “to freeze”
1.78 Weather
- kalle n. “fair weather, clear sky, blue sky”
- kalleva adj. “fair (weather or complexion)”
- lúre n. “dark weather, bad weather”
- lúrea adj. “overcast, dark [of weather]”
- lúvin(a) adj. “dark, overcast”
- luvu- v. “to lower, hang, brood”
1.81 Fire
- pur (purn-) n. “a fire, an artificial fire”
- sá n. “fire”
- sár(e)a adj. “fiery”
- tan(y)a n. “fire”
- uru n. “fire”
- (uru)purnie n. “conflagration”
- urúva adj. “like fire”
- uruvoite adj. “fiery, having fire”
- urwa adj. “on fire, afire”
1.82 Flame
- purma n. “blaze, flame”
- velka n. “flame”
1.83 Smoke
- qonda n. “choking smog, smoke”
- rukta- v. “to belch smoke, spout smoke; to cause to smoke; to smoke at a pipe”
- ruku n. “smoke, reek”
- ruku- v. “to steam, smoke, reek”
1.85 to Burn, Scorch
- hus- v. “to burn (tr.)”
- kanda- v. “to blaze”
- puru- v. “to burn”
- sanga-² v. “to scorch”
- sisi- v. “to scorch, singe, fry”
- urya- v. “to burn (intr.)”
- usta- v. “to burn (tr.)”
1.86 to Light, Kindle
- kalta- v. “to kindle, set light to”
- purya- v. “to set fire to”
- tunda- v. “to kindle”
- turya- v. “to catch fire”
- tustima adj. “inflammable”
1.87 Match, Fire Stick
- tusture n. “tinder, chips, firewood”
- tusturin (tusturind-) n. “match”
1.99 Physical World (other)
- karkasse n. “row of spikes or teeth”
2.
Mankind
2.1 Human Being
- #nanwa adj. “being”
2.21 Man
- ner n. “man, husband; warrior”
- wie n. “*man, male of the Elda”
2.22 Woman
- anai n. “woman”
- nî n. “woman”
- nyél n. “woman”
- qimelle n. “little woman”
- qin¹ (qim-) n. “woman, female”
2.23 Male
- anu n. “a male, man”
- anúre n. “manliness, masculinity”
- anúvie n. “manhood, doughtyness”
- anuvoite adj. “male, masculine”
- nerea adj. “manly, stout, brave”
- nerevoite adj. “manly, male”
- #nérinwa adj. “*mannish”
- #-nu suf. “masculine suffix”
- via adj. “male”
- -we² suf.
- wenga adj. “*male”
2.24 Female
- anaina adj. “womanly”
- #-ni suf. “feminine suffix”
- qim(en)ea adj. “womanly, feminine”
- qimenoite (qimenoitsi-) adj. “feminine, female”
- qinde n. “womanliness, femininity; (concr.) women as a whole”
- qinya adj. “female”
- #-si suf. “feminine suffix”
- #-sse³ suf. “feminine suffix”
- venya adj. “womanl[y]”
2.26 Girl
- mella n. “girl”
- tessa n. “maid, maiden”
- tessara adj. “maiden, maidenly”
- tessare (tessari-) n. “little maid”
- wende n. “maiden”
- wendele n. “maidenhood”
- wen(di) n. “maid, girl, maiden”
2.27 Child
- ar¹ (arn-) n. “child”
- hil(de) n. “child”
2.28 Infant
- putse (putsi-) n. “baby, child”
- tetta n. “baby”
- tyetl n. “babe, a tiny baby”
2.31 Husband
- heruvesto n. “husband, (lit.) lord husband”
- veru n. “husband”
- veruner n. “husband”
- vestaner n. “?(bride)groom”
2.32 Wife
- herivesti n. “wife”
- †veri n. “wife”
- †veruni n. “wife”
- vesse n. “wife”
- vestin n. “wife”
2.321 Bride
- akairis (akairist-) n. “bride, wife”
- akairisan (akairisamb-) n. “bride chamber, thalamus”
- vestani n. “*bride”
2.33 to Wed, Marry
- ‽(a)kainu- v. “to wed”
- verin (verind-) adj. “married”
- vesta- v. “to wed, marry, join others in marriage; (refl.) to get married”
2.34 Wedding, Marriage
- (a)kainusta n. “wedding, marriage”
- akaire (akairi-) n. “‘living beside’, wedded life”
- vesta n. “state of marriage”
- vestale n. “wedding”
- vestanoina adj. “related by marriage”
2.341 Married Couple
- veringwi n. “husband and wife, married pair”
2.35 Father
- atar n. “father”
- atta¹ n. “father (child’s word)”
- attu n. “father”
2.36 Mother
- ama n. “mother”
- ambi n. “mother”
- amis (amits-) n. “mother”
- (m)ambe n. “mother”
2.37 Parent
- †attahwi n. “parents”
- puyando n. “parent”
2.41 Son
- fion (fiond-) n. “son”
- hilu n. “son”
- -ion suf. “-son”
- ion n. “son”
- vondo n. “son”
- †yó n. “son”
- yondo n. “son, male descendant, (great) grandson”
2.42 Daughter
- aris (arits-) n. “daughter, maid”
- -il suf. “*(feminine) patronymic”
- silde n. “daughter”
- sui n. “daughter”
2.44 Brother
- herendo n. “brother”
- hestaner n. “brother”
- hestanu n. “brother”
2.45 Sister
- heresse n. “sister”
- hestani n. “sister”
- hestaqin n. “sister”
2.452 Sibling
- hes (hest-) n. “brother, sister, *sibling”
- hesta n. “the nearest consanguinity”
- hestanoina adj. “bearing the nearest consanguinity”
2.46 Grandfather
- haru n. “grandfather”
2.47 Grandmother
- haruni n. “grandmother”
2.53 Nephew
- súyon n. “nephew, daughter’s son”
2.55 Cousin
- etta n. “cousin”
- ettani n. “female cousin”
- ettanu n. “male cousin”
- ettarendi n. “cousinship”
- rendo n. “kinsman, cousin”
- rendole n. “cousinship”
- resse n. “kinswoman, cousin”
2.57 Descendant
- hilmi coll. “family, offspring”
2.82 Family
- soresta n. “family”
3.
Animals
3.11 Animal
- koisiva adj. “animal, bodily”
- koite (koisi-) n. “living thing, being, animal”
- lama n. “animal, beast; head of cattle or sheep”
- roa n. “wild beast”
- talar (talard-) n. “beast of burden”
3.16 to Pasture
- nese- v. “to graze, pasture, give to feed, feed”
3.17 Pasture
- nessele n. “pasture, mead; pasturage”
3.18 Herdsman
- lamandar n. “herdsman, shepherd”
- lamáre n. “flock”
- mavar(do) n. “shepherd”
- moar(do) (moard-) n. “shepherd”
3.21 Bull
- tarukko n. “bull, ox”
3.22 Ox, Steer
- yak(k)o n. “ox”
3.23 Cow
- mui n. “cow”
- yaksi n. “cow”
3.25 Sheep
- arma n. “flock of sheep”
- moa n. “sheep”
- moalin n. “sheepfold”
- sauve n. “sheep”
3.26 Ram
- kamo n. “ram”
3.29 Lamb
- eule n. “lamb”
- eulitse n. “*little lamb”
3.32 Boar
- karkapolka n. “boar, *(lit.) tusk-pig”
- úro n. “boar”
3.35 Pig
- ‽polka n. “pig”
3.36 Goat
- nyé n. “bleat, cry of goat or sheep”
- nyéni n. “she-goat”
3.41 Horse (generic)
- lópa n. “horse, mare”
- mairu n. “(horse) mane, flowing hair; charger”
3.44 Mare
- lopsi n. “mare”
3.51 Chicken (generic)
- kekteket (kektekett-) n. “clucking”
- poroke n. “barn fowl, hen”
- porokelle n. “chicken”
- porokoi ? “[unglossed]”
3.52 Cock, Rooster
- tokot n. “cock”
3.54 Hen
- oi n. “bird, hen”
3.56 Goose
- yanwa n. “goose”
3.57 Duck
- qá n. “duck”
- qaqa- v. “to quack, squawk, cackle”
3.61 Dog
- fan (fand-) n. “dog”
- huan (huand-) n. “dog”
- savar n. “wild dog, jackal”
- savarda n. “pack (of dogs, wolves)”
- suni n. “bitch, *female dog”
3.612 Puppy
- saule n. “litter (of pups, cubs, etc.)”
3.62 Cat
- meoi n. “cat”
- yaule n. “cat”
3.63 Mouse, Rodent
- qíne n. “squeaking”
- qínea adj. “squeaking”
- qíni- v. “to speak high, squeak”
- rausime n. “vermin”
3.64 Bird
- aiwe n. “bird”
- kilapitya- v. “to chirp”
- oive n. “bird”
- wilin n. “bird”
- wilindea adj. “as a bird”
3.641 Eagle, Hawk
- ea(r) n. “(young) eagle”
- earen (earend-) n. “eyrie, (young) eagle”
- hô n. “owl”
- sor(ne) (sorn-) n. “eagle”
- sornion n. “eyrie”
- soron¹ n. “eagle”
3.642 Crow, Raven
- karon n. “crow”
3.647 Gull, Petrel
- máwe (máwi-) n. “gull, seamew”
3.648 Swan
- alqa n. “swan”
- siloine (siloini-) n. “swan”
3.649 Bird (other)
- ambarin (ambarind-) n. “lark”
- imbilink n. “sparrow”
- karneambar n. and adj. “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
- keket (kekekt-) n. “pheasant”
- kilapi n. “robin”
- lintuilinda adj. “many-swallows of autumn”
- tuilindo n. “swallow, (lit.) spring-singer”
3.65 Fish
- ingwe (ingwi-) n. “fish”
- ingwil(in) (ingwiling-) n. “eel”
- kuluin (kuluind-) n. “goldfish”
- telpingwe n. “silverfish”
- windea adj. “fishlike”
3.71 Wolf
- ulku n. “wolf”
- ulqi n. “she-wolf”
3.72 Lion
- rau (ráv-) n. “lion”
- ravenne n. “she-lion”
3.73 Bear
- #matsile n. “bear”
3.75 Deer
- opole n. “fawn, young deer”
3.77 Elephant
- hunto n. “elephant”
3.78 Camel
- kuptulo n. “camel”
- ulumpe n. “camel”
- uluntilla n. “camel’s hair”
3.79 to Hunt
- rausima adj. “*hunted”
- rauste n. “hunting, preying, the hunt”
- raustea adj. “of prey”
- rauta- v. “to chase, hunt, pursue; to extirpate, exterminate; to steal”
3.81 Insect
- malo¹ (malu-) n. “moth”
- pin n. “little thing, mite”
- ulumpingwe n. “caterpillar”
- wilwarin (wilwarind-) n. “butterfly”
- wilwarinda adj. “butterflylike”
3.811 Spider
- kangale n. “web”
- kangaris (kangarist-) n. “spider”
- kangawinda n. “cobweb”
- lenqelénu n. “(daddy) long-legs”
- ungwe n. “spider”
3.82 Bee
- imbe n. “hive”
- nierwes (nierwest-) n. “hive”
3.83 Fly (n)
- itis n. “a fly bite”
- itse n. “small fly”
- kampo (*kampu-) n. “flea”
3.84 Worm
- lingwe n. “snake, worm”
- teste n. “small worm”
- wembe n. “worm”
- wembil n. “worm”
3.85 Snake
- histe- v. “to hiss”
- lin² (ling-) n. “snake”
- lingwin n. “serpent, dragon”
- lóke (lóki-) n. “snake, dragon”
- oqi n. “snake”
3.99 Animals (other)
- lapatl n. “leveret”
- lapatte (lapatsi-) n. “rabbit”
- noldare n. “mole”
- nolpa n. “mole”
- oryat (oryap-) n. “badger”
- qildare n. “bat”
4.
Body Parts and Functions
- 4.11 Body
- 4.12 Skin, Hide
- 4.13 Flesh
- 4.14 Hair
- 4.142 Beard
- 4.143 Hair (other)
- 4.15 Blood
- 4.16 Bone
- 4.17 Horn (animal)
- 4.18 Tail
- 4.19 Back
- 4.20 Head
- 4.204 Face
- 4.205 Forehead
- 4.207 Jaw
- 4.208 Cheek
- 4.209 Chin
- 4.21 Eye
- 4.22 Ear
- 4.23 Nose
- 4.24 Mouth
- 4.25 Lip
- 4.27 Tooth
- 4.28 Neck
- 4.29 Throat
- 4.30 Shoulder
- 4.31 Arm
- 4.32 Elbow
- 4.33 Hand
- 4.332 Hand (other)
- 4.34 Finger
- 4.342 Thumb
- 4.35 Leg
- 4.36 Knee
- 4.37 Foot
- 4.39 Nail, Claw
- 4.392 Wing
- 4.393 Feather
- 4.40 Front of Chest
- 4.41 Breast of Woman
- 4.44 Heart
- 4.45 Liver
- 4.46 Belly, Stomach
- 4.48 Egg
- 4.49 Testicle
- 4.492 Penis
- 4.51 to Breathe; Breath
- 4.52 to Gape, Yawn
- 4.53 to Cough
- 4.54 to Sneeze
- 4.56 to Spit
- 4.57 to Vomit
- 4.58 to Bite
- 4.59 to Lick
- 4.61 to Sleep; Sleep
- 4.62 Dream
- 4.63 to Wake
- 4.65 to Urinate; Urine
- 4.66 to Void Excrement; Dung, Excrement
- 4.67 to have Sexual Intercourse
- 4.71 to Beget (of Father)
- 4.72 to Bear (of Mother)
- 4.74 to Live; Living; Life
- 4.75 to Die; Dead; Death
- 4.76 to Kill
- 4.77 Corpse, Body
- 4.79 Grave, Tomb
- 4.81 Strong, Mighty, Powerful
- 4.84 Sick; Sickness
- 4.85 to Wound; Wound; Wounded
- 4.89 Poison
- 4.91 Tired, Weary
- 4.93 Bald
- 4.94 Lame
- 4.99 Naked, Bare
- 4.999 Body Parts and Functions (other)
4.11 Body
- kolume n. “body”
- pulko n. “body, trunk, bole of tree”
- sarkuva adj. “corporeal, bodily”
4.12 Skin, Hide
- naute n. “skin”
4.13 Flesh
- hara(nda) n. “flesh-meat”
- haranwa adj. “fleshly, carnal”
- mimbe n. “flesh”
- mindl n. “piece of flesh”
- sarko¹ (sarku-) n. “flesh, living flesh, body”
- sarqa adj. “fleshy”
4.14 Hair
- filma n. “fine hair, line”
- findl n. “lock of hair, tress”
- laksa n. “tress”
- silqe n. “tress of hair; (glossy) hair”
- silqeléna adj. “having tresses”
- silqelossea adj. “with hair like white flowers”
- til (tiln-) n. “(single) hair”
4.142 Beard
- fange n. “beard”
- poa n. “beard”
- velte n. “beard”
4.143 Hair (other)
- andesilqe adj. “long-haired, long-tressed”
- aule (auli-) adj. “shaggy”
- tilinya adj. “downy, hairy”
4.15 Blood
- hari n. “blood”
- mear (mearn-) n. “gore, blood”
- vísi n. “blood”
4.16 Bone
- as (ass-) n. “bone”
- assea adj. “bony”
- aswa adj. “of bone”
- hón(a) n. “bone”
4.17 Horn (animal)
- taru n. “horn”
- tarukka adj. “horned”
4.18 Tail
- pint (pimp-) n. “tail”
4.19 Back
- hakka n. “the hams, buttocks”
4.20 Head
- kar (kas-) n. “head”
- kas (kast-) n. “head, top, summit”
4.204 Face
- alma n. “face”
- yéma n. “face”
4.205 Forehead
- kandóla n. “crown of head”
- timbare n. “forehead”
4.207 Jaw
- anto (antu-) n. “jaw”
- kâ n. “jaw”
- maqar n. “jaw”
4.208 Cheek
- anta n. “cheek; jaw(s)”
4.209 Chin
- venta n. “chin”
4.21 Eye
- hen (hend-) n. “eye”
- sé n. “eye, eyeball, pupil”
- sehte (sehti-) n. “pupil; bead; †eye, eyeball”
- sinda¹ n. “eye”
- tille n. “eyelash”
4.22 Ear
- ankar (ankas-) n. “ear (of men)”
- qan (qand-) n. “ear”
- unk(o) (unq-) n. “ear (of animals); corner, sticking out edge”
4.23 Nose
- men¹ (mem-) n. “nose, beak”
- nen² (neng-) n. “nostril”
- ‽penta n. “nose, beak (probably of such birds as woodpeckers)”
- súma n. “nostril”
- súne n. “(human) nose”
4.24 Mouth
- matu n. “the mouth (inside)”
- ó(vo) n. “mouth”
4.25 Lip
- kaile n. “lip”
- kilme n. “lip”
- pé n. “the two lips, the (closed) mouth”
4.27 Tooth
- karka n. “fang, tooth, tusk”
- karkanel n. “fang”
- karkara adj. “toothed”
- nele (neli-) n. “tooth”
- nyat n. “tooth”
4.28 Neck
- lango n. “neck, throat”
- yatta n. “neck; isthmus”
4.29 Throat
- kaikta- v. “to strangle”
- kailen n. “throat, gullet”
- karko (karku-) n. “alimentary canel”
- qelqa n. “throat”
- qerka n. “throat”
4.30 Shoulder
- almo n. “shoulder(s), back”
4.31 Arm
- lenk (lenq-) n. “limb”
- olet (olek-) n. “forearm”
- rá n. “arm”
- ranko n. “arm”
4.32 Elbow
- óleme n. “elbow”
4.33 Hand
- má n. “hand”
- †makte¹ (maksi-) n. “hand”
4.332 Hand (other)
- erumaite adj. “one handed”
- #maite³ adj. “handed”
- maqa adj. “handy, skilled (with hands)”
- maqalea adj. “handy, skilled (with hands)”
- marikta n. “wrist”
- mavoite (mavoisi-) adj. “having hands”
- paltya n. “flat of hand, palm of hand”
4.34 Finger
- anda-lepta adj. “long-fingered”
- lepta² n. “finger”
- let (lept-) n. “finger”
- tapatenda adj. “taper fingered, light fingered, long fingered”
- -tenda suf. “having fingers”
- tenna n. “finger”
4.342 Thumb
- tyúte (tyúsi-) n. “thumb”
4.35 Leg
- attalaite adj. “biped”
- attalin n. “biped”
- oswe¹ n. “hip”
- pelko n. “leg”
- piu n. “calf of leg”
- tyú(ta) n. “thigh”
4.36 Knee
- okka n. “knee”
4.37 Foot
- tala¹ n. “foot; bottom, lowest part”
- tala(no)ite adj. “footed”
- talas (talast-) n. “sole”
4.39 Nail, Claw
- nyelet (nyeleks-) n. “nail (of the finger)”
4.392 Wing
- #ala² n. “wing”
- anda-ráma adj. “long-arm(ed); long-wing(ed)”
- ehtaráma adj. “having a wing like a sword”
- ráma n. “wing; arm”
- rámavoite adj. “winged, having wings”
- vasse (vassi-) n. “wing”
- vassivaswe n. “beating or rushing of wings”
- wilda adj. “winged”
4.393 Feather
- pekte (peksi-) n. “plume, cox-comb”
- pilinqasilla n. “nodding plume”
- pilintele n. “plumage”
- qasilla n. “tuft, nodding spray, tassel, plume”
4.40 Front of Chest
- ambos (ambost-) n. “breast”
4.41 Breast of Woman
- ambar² (ambas-) n. “breast, bosom”
- titte n. “breast, teat”
- tyetse n. “teat”
4.44 Heart
- elwen n. “heart”
- hon² (hond-) n. “heart”
4.45 Liver
- lepsa n. “liver”
4.46 Belly, Stomach
- famba n. “belly, fat body”
- palla n. “paunch”
4.48 Egg
- ohte (oksi-) n. “egg”
4.49 Testicle
- milt n. “semen”
4.492 Penis
- hapta- v. “to eject, ejaculate”
- puntl n. “mem. vir., *penis”
- vie n. “teors, *penis”
4.51 to Breathe; Breath
- qorin adj. “drowned, choked, speechless”
- qoro- v. “to choke, suffocate, (esp.) drown”
- qosta- v. “to choke, drown (trans.)”
4.52 to Gape, Yawn
- yáme adj. “yawning”
4.53 to Cough
- hototyosse n. “a cough and a sneeze”
- hútatyosta n. “whooping cough”
- hyukso n. “hiccup”
- nang- v. “I have a cold”
- nungo n. “cold (in the nose or head)”
- tyos (tyoss-) n. “cough”
- tyosto- v. “to cough”
4.54 to Sneeze
- hont (honty-) n. “sneeze”
- hontosse n. “a loud sneeze”
- #hotyo- v. “to sneeze”
4.56 to Spit
- pist- v. “to spit”
- rekka n. “spittle”
- rent (renty-) n. “spittle, saliva”
- retye- v. “to spit”
4.57 to Vomit
- qama- v. “to be ill, vomit”
4.58 to Bite
- naka- v. “to bite”
4.59 to Lick
- lava- v. “to lick”
- salpa- v. “to take a sup of, sample, sip”
- sulp- v. “to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink”
- sult (sulp-) n. “sip, taste”
4.61 to Sleep; Sleep
- fansa n. “swoon”
- fanta- v. “to fall asleep, go dazed, swoon”
- fum- v. “to sleep”
- fúme n. “(deep) sleep”
- lor- v. “to slumber”
- lorda adj. “slumbrous, drowsy”
- murme n. “slumber, sleep”
- murmea adj. “slumbrous”
- muru- v. “to slumber, sleep”
4.62 Dream
- fanóre n. “day-dream”
- fantl n. “vision, dream, hazy notion, imaginary idea”
- fanwe n. “dream”
- olorda adj. “dreamy, drowsy; in dreams”
- olóre n. “dream”
- olórea adj. “dreamy, dreamlike”
4.63 to Wake
- qíva adj. “awake”
- qívie n. “awakening”
4.65 to Urinate; Urine
- mis (mist-) n. “urine”
4.66 to Void Excrement; Dung, Excrement
- múko n. “dung, stercus [Latin], *manure, muck”
- mukta- v. “cacare [Latin], *to empty bowels”
4.67 to have Sexual Intercourse
- puhta n. “coitus, *sex”
- pukta- v. “*to copulate”
4.71 to Beget (of Father)
- kiw- v. “*to germinate, impregnate”
- puita- v. “to beget”
4.72 to Bear (of Mother)
- nosta n. “birth, birthday”
- nosta- v. “to give birth to; to cause”
4.74 to Live; Living; Life
- koina adj. “living, alive”
- koire n. “life”
- koirea adj. “alive, lively”
- koiresta- v. “to spend one’s life”
- koiva adj. “awake; lively, living”
- koivie n. “awakening; liveliness”
- laule n. “life, mode of life”
- laulesta n. “livelihood”
- laulesta- v. “to lead a life, gain a living”
- lausiva adj. “living (of plants)”
- loa n. “life”
4.75 to Die; Dead; Death
- fé n. “last hour, last breath, (act of) death”
- mána adj. “dead”
- #narka² adj. “dead”
- qal- v. “to die”
- qalin adj. “dead, dying”
- qalma adj. “deadly”
- qalme n. “death, agony”
- qalmea adj. “deathly”
- †qalna adj. “dead”
- †qalume¹ n. “death”
- †qalúmea adj. “deadly”
- qele- v. “to perish; to fade”
- urdu n. “death”
- warda adj. “dead”
4.76 to Kill
- maka- v. “to slay; to die”
- makka n. “slaughter”
- makta- v. “to slay, slaughter”
- maktya- v. “to kill”
- nahta- v. “to slay cruelly”
4.77 Corpse, Body
- kaivo n. “corpse”
- qelekte n. “carcase”
- qelet (qelekt-) n. “corpse”
4.79 Grave, Tomb
- kaune n. “grave”
4.81 Strong, Mighty, Powerful
- anúva adj. “doughty”
- nertu n. “strength”
- polda adj. “mighty, powerful”
- poldor n. “physical strength; might”
- poldórea adj. “muscular, powerful”
- tulka adj. “strong”
- túre n. “might, strength, power”
- †túrea adj. “mighty”
- turka adj. “strong”
- turwa adj. “powerful”
4.84 Sick; Sickness
- kaimassea adj. “confined to bed, a-bed, bedridden”
- leuke (leuki-) adj. “sick, ill; pallid, wan”
- leume n. “sickness”
- naika² adj. “stricken ill, sick”
- naiko adv. “*sickly”
- qamba adj. “unwell, sick”
- qáme n. “sickness, nausea”
- qámea adj. “sick”
- qolda adj. “ill”
- qolima adj. “sickly, ailing”
- qolimo n. “invalid”
- qolo- v. “to ail”
- qolu n. “disease”
- qolúva adj. “pestilent, pestilential”
- qolúvie n. “pestilence”
4.85 to Wound; Wound; Wounded
- sastya adj. “sore, galled”
- sist(e) (sisty-) n. “ulcer, sore, boil”
- sistina adj. “ulcerated, sore”
- welet (welekt-) n. “boil, tumor”
4.89 Poison
- fuiyáru n. “deadly nightshade”
- heno (henu-) n. “venom, poison”
- henuva adj. “venomous, poisonous”
4.91 Tired, Weary
- qinqa adj. “drooping, languid”
- qinqele n. “languor”
- qinqelea adj. “languorous”
- qiqi- v. “to hang, droop”
- #rúse (rúsi-) adj. “weary”
- tarwa² adj. “tired”
4.93 Bald
- falkasse(a) adj. “bald”
4.94 Lame
- kauko (kauku-) n. “humpback”
- kupta- v. “to hump up, look lumpy”
- maita adj. “maimed”
4.99 Naked, Bare
- falin adj. “bare, nude, fallow, wild (of land)”
- falka¹ adj. “naked, bare”
- hulin adj. “naked”
- hulqa adj. “naked”
- karp- v. “to pluck”
- karpale n. “a plucking, tugging, wrenching; deceiving, tricking”
4.999 Body Parts and Functions (other)
- lepsile (lepsily-) n. “tendril”
5.
Food and Drink
5.11 to Eat
- kamanta- v. “to make eat, give to eat”
- lávear (láveard-) n. “glutton”
- ‽malu- v. “to devour”
- manta adj. “eaten”
- mata- v. “to eat”
- matsa adj. “good to eat, nice”
- matsima adj. “edible”
- #-matwa suf. “*-eating”
- nesta- v. “to feed”
- nesta n. “(act of) feeding”
- tyúka² n. “cud”
- tyuku- v. “to chew”
- tyus (tyuks-) n. “cud”
- tyustyukta- v. “to chew the cud; to reflect, reminisce”
5.12 Food
- koisimatl n. “animal food”
- matl n. “food”
- matso n. “food”
- nes² (nest-) n. “food, feed, fodder”
5.13 to Drink
- soko- v. “to drink”
- sokto- v. “to give to drink, drench”
- soq- v. “to drink”
5.14 Hunger
- saike (saiki-) n. “hunger”
- saikele n. “famine”
- saikelea adj. “famished”
- saikelta- v. “to starve”
- saiqa adj. “hungry”
- saita- v. “to be hungry (impersonal)”
- saitya- v. “to starve”
5.15 Thirst
- loime n. “thirst”
5.151 Thirsty
- loimea adj. “thirsty”
- loire (loiri-) adj. “thirsty”
- loyo- v. “be thirsty (impers.)”
5.21 to Cook
- maksa- v. “to cook”
- maksar n. “cook”
- maswa adj. “soft, cooked, ripe”
5.24 to Bake
- mas- v. “to bake, cook”
- torina adj. “baked, done”
- toro- v. “to bake”
5.25 Oven
- torma n. “oven”
- urna n. “oven”
5.26 Pot
- kalpa n. “bucket, vessel”
- tambin (tambind-) n. “cauldron”
5.31 Dish
- vene n. “small boat, vessel, dish”
5.33 Bowl
- salpa n. “bowl”
- tolpo n. “bowl”
5.34 Jug, Pitcher
- olpe n. “bottle”
- unqilla(r) n. “handle of jar; pothook”
5.35 Cup
- ulma n. “flagon”
5.41 a Meal
- mat (matt-) n. “meal, meal time”
5.51 Bread
- korne n. “loaf”
- masta n. “bread”
- mastakorne n. “[bread] loaf”
5.52 Cake
- korma n. “cake, lump”
5.55 Meal, Flour
- mulma n. “fine flour”
- pole (poli-) n. “oats, grain (unground kernels of oats, wheat, etc.); flour”
- polesse n. “porridge”
5.56 to Grind
- mard(a)- v. “to grind, pulverize”
- mul(u)- v. “to grind”
5.57 Mill
- mulmar n. “miller”
- mulmin n. “mill”
5.61 Meat
- koisimatwa adj. “carnivorous”
- mimbematwa adj. “carnivorous”
- tarqin(a) n. and adj. “salted, dried; salt meat”
5.614 Fat, Grease
- laru n. “fat, grease”
- laruke adj. “fat, rich”
- larúva adj. “greasy”
- lise (lihy-) n. “grease, butter”
- lisiva adj. “greasy”
- mange¹ (mangi-) n. “grease”
- piule adj. “greasy, overfat; overfed, spoilt”
- píwe n. “fatness, richness, goodness”
- silk(in)a adj. “rich, fat, glossy”
5.64 Soup, Broth
- sulpa n. “soup”
5.65 Vegetables
- lausimatl n. “vegetable food”
- lausimatwa adj. “vegetarian”
5.67 Pea
- mildi coll. “pease”
5.69 Cabbage
- kalar n. “lettuce”
5.71 Fruit
- kulmarin (kulmarind-) n. “orange”
- kulurin n. “orange; piece of gold”
- marin n. “(ripe) fruit (of apple type)”
- marinne n. “fruit tree”
- yáva n. “fruit, produce”
5.72 Apple
- orva n. “apple”
5.77 Nut
- kote (kotsi-) n. “nut”
- kotsia adj. “nutty”
- kotsivoite adj. “nut-bearing, nutty”
- kottule n. “hazel”
5.79 Oil
- ilma¹ n. “oil”
- ilqa adj. “oily, smooth, glossy”
- millo n. “oil”
5.80 Berry
- aipio n. “cherry”
- melpo n. “gooseberry”
- pio n. “berry, plum, cherry”
- pi(o)pin n. “haws, fruit of hawthorns”
- piukka n. “blackberry”
5.81 Salt
- singe (singi-) n. “salt”
- singwa adj. “salt”
5.84 Honey
- ile n. “honey”
- nekte n. “honey”
- nektele n. “honeycomb”
- nier (nies-) n. “(honey) bee”
5.86 Milk
- ilimba adj. “milky”
- ilin (ilim-) n. “milk”
5.88 Cheese
- tyur (tyurd-) n. “cheese”
5.89 Butter
- manya¹ n. “butter”
- mingwe n. “butter”
- ‽qirme n. “cream”
- telpe² n. “butter”
- úle n. “butter”
5.91 Mead
- miruvóre (miruvóri-) n. “nectar, drink of the Valar, sweet drink”
5.92 Wine
- io n. “wine”
- limpe n. “drink of the fairies, fairy-drink, elfwine”
- miru n. “wine”
- mirúva adj. “like wine, winy”
- ulme n. “a kind of wine”
5.94 Juice
- mark n. “ripe juice, sap, ooze, moisture”
- marqa adj. “oozy, juicy, moist”
- maru n. “pulp”
- pihye n. “sap, juice”
- pulqe n. “juice”
- vasa n. “juice”
5.999 Food (Other)
- tyé n. “tea”
6.
Clothing and Adornment
6.11 to Clothe, Dress
- vaimata- v. “to robe”
- vaina adj. “clad”
6.21 Cloth
- lapil n. “swathe, flowing cloth”
6.22 Wool
- karpan n. “hank (of wool etc.)”
- oa n. “wool”
- oalle n. “blanket”
- oara adj. “of wool”
- toa n. “wool”
- ue n. “fleece”
6.25 Silk
- samin (samind-) n. “silk”
- saminda adj. “silken”
6.28 Fur
- fara n. “fur, fell”
- vóre (vóri-) n. “fur”
- vórina adj. “of fur”
- vóriva adj. “like fur”
6.29 Leather
- alu n. “dressed leather”
- límen n. “thong, band”
6.31 to Spin
- piri- v. “to spin, turn”
- pirúk(end)ea adj. “pirouetting, whirling lightly”
- qiri-¹ v. “to stir (make spin)”
- werelinda adj. “twirling, pirouetting”
6.32 Spindle
- qindl n. “a spindle, top”
- werelin (werelind-) n. “whirligig”
6.33 to Weave
- #kanga- v. “to weave, spin”
- qint (qinty-) n. “loop, stitch in knitting”
- qitima adj. “for knitting”
- qitin adj. “knitted, joined tight”
- qity- v. “to knit”
- winda n. “woof”
- wiste n. “weft”
6.34 Loom
- tantl n. “shuttle”
- windele n. “loom”
6.35 to Sew
- neme- v. “to sew”
6.36 Needle
- nelma n. “needle”
6.38 Thread
- lia n. “twine”
- líne n. “thread, cotton”
- nemba n. “thread”
6.41 Cloak
- karape n. “cloak, outer garment”
6.412 Overcoat
- vaima n. “wrap, robe”
6.43 Coat
- vakko n. “jacket, coat”
6.44 Shirt
- laupe n. “tunic, shirt”
6.51 Shoe
- hyapa n. “shoe”
6.52 Boot
- saipo n. “boot”
6.53 Slipper
- patinka n. “shoe, slipper”
6.55 Hat, Cap
- serin (serind-) n. “wreath, crown”
- táta n. “hat”
6.57 Belt, Girdle
- qalta adj. “girdled, girt”
- qilta n. “belt, girdle”
- qilti- v. “to gird, encircle”
6.58 Glove
- mantele n. “gauntlet”
- mantl n. “glove”
6.63 Pin, Brooch
- piek (piekk-) n. “pin”
- pieksin n. “brooch”
- pirin (pirind-) n. “thin rod, pin”
6.71 Adornment (personal)
- qilin adj. “adorned, bright-coloured, embroidered”
- qilinoite adj. “broidered”
- qiltasse n. “(em)broidery”
6.72 Gem, Jewel
- lúle n. “blue stone, sapphire”
- lúlea adj. “sapphirine”
- malikon (malikond-) n. “amber”
- malikondea adj. “of amber”
- marilla n. “pearl”
- nindon (nindond-) n. “lapis lazuli”
- nyelekka n. “onyx”
- sinqe n. “jewel, gem”
- sinqe?? adj. “sparkle as with gems”
- sinqevoite adj. “gemmed”
6.75 Necklace
- firinga n. “carcanet, necklace”
6.91 Comb
- peqe- v. “to comb, card wool, tease”
- peqen n. “comb”
6.94 Ointment
- oinalis (oinaliss-) n. “ointment”
- oine n. “unguent”
6.95 Soap
- ‽poime (poimi-) n. “soap”
- poimine n. “lather, foam; mermaid”
6.999 Adornment (other)
- enyarin n. “device, escutcheon, blazon”
- fas (fats-) n. “tassel”
- fatsale n. “(tasseled) fringe”
- fatsevoite adj. “tasseled”
- pimpilin (pimpilind-) n. “hanging tail, tassel”
7.
Dwelling and Furniture
7.11 to Live, Dwell
- laulema adj. “inhabiting”
- laulemo n. “inhabitant”
- manda- v. “to dwell, remain”
- mara-¹ v. “to dwell, live”
- mardo n. “dweller”
- wasta- v. “to dwell”
7.12 House
- indo n. “house”
- indolis n. “domicile”
- indor n. “master of house”
- indositsina adj. “domestic(ated)”
- os (ost-) n. “cottage, house”
- san² (samb-) n. “hall, dwelling, house”
7.122 Home
- indoite adj. “indoors, at home, homely, domestic”
- kaime n. “dwelling, home”
- mar¹ (mas-) n. “house, home, dwelling (of men); -land, the Earth”
- osta n. “homestead”
7.15 Yard, Court
- palis(te) n. “sward, green, lawn”
7.21 Room
- kaimasan (kaimasamb-) n. “bed-room, bed-chamber”
- sambe (samb-) n. “room, chamber”
7.22 Door, Gate
- andon (andond-) n. “door, gate”
- lat (latt-) n. “flap, small hinged door, lid”
- pondo n. “gate”
- posta n. “door”
- #tarnon n. “door”
7.25 Window
- lattin n. “window”
7.27 Wall
- ossa n. “wall and moat”
7.28 Roof
- tel (teld-) n. “roof”
- telda adj. “having a roof”
- telea adj. “*roofed”
- telimbo n. “canopy; sky”
- telintule (telintuli-) adj. “bearing a roof, roofed”
- teltasse n. “awning”
- túpele n. “roofing, tiles, roof”
- tupin adj. “roofed, having a lid, having hat on”
- tupu- v. “to roof, put lid on, put hat on, cover”
7.29 House (other)
- túrion¹ (tūriond-) n. “palace”
7.31 Hearth, Fireplace
- arin n. “hearth”
- arinya adj. “fireside”
- purin (purind-) n. “hearth”
7.412 Furniture (other)
- ank (anq-) n. “loop, handle, ring”
- tolos (toloss-) n. “knob, lump”
7.42 Bed
- kaima n. “couch, bed”
- kamba n. “bed”
7.43 Chair
- sonda n. “seat, chair”
- sóra¹ n. “seat”
- sorin (sorind-) n. “throne”
- tult (tulp-) n. “leg of chair, etc.”
7.44 Table
- palasar (palasard-) n. “great table”
- palukta n. “table”
- sarno n. “table”
7.45 Lamp
- kalume n. “an (artificial) light”
- kalumet (kalumett-) n. “lamp”
7.46 Candle
- katinka n. “candle”
- neite n. “wax”
8.
Agriculture and Vegetation
8.12 Field for Cultivation
- arwa n. “field”
- milnar(wa) n. “sown field”
- pelto n. “hedge, hedged field”
8.13 Garden, Orchard
- laukien (laukiend-) n. “vegetable or kitchen garden”
- lotarwa n. “garden”
- tarwa¹ n. “garden, enclosure”
8.14 Barn
- tumpo n. “shed, barn”
8.212 Furrow
- ríma n. “line of seeds planted, row, series, furrow”
8.22 to Dig, Delve
- kava- v. “to dig”
- sapa- v. “to dig”
- satwa adj. “hollow, dug-out, excavated”
8.23 Spade
- sampa n. “spade”
8.29 Blade, Share
- hyanda¹ n. “blade, share”
- taila n. “(axe) blade”
- valke (valki-) n. “edge, sharp blade”
8.30 Plough
- hyar (hyarm-) n. “plough”
- hyar- v. “to plough”
8.31 to Sow; Seed
- mile (mili-) n. “seed”
- milin n. “grain of seed”
- ore (ori-) n. “seed, grain”
- orivaine n. “pod, seed pod, pea; peapod (a boat)”
- orya- v. “to sow”
- ‽polu n. “kernel”
- rista- v. “to plant”
- ristale n. “sowing time”
- ristar n. “sower”
8.32 to Mow, Reap
- kilk- v. “to gather, reap”
- silki- v. “to mow, scythe, mow down”
- silkima adj. “ready for cutting”
8.33 Scythe, Sickle
- kalka n. “sickle”
- salka n. “scythe”
8.41 Crop, Harvest
- silkesse n. “harvest”
- toqo- v. “to yield, give, bear, bring forth”
- yausta n. “crop”
- #yava-¹ v. “to bear fruit”
- yávan n. “harvest, autumn”
8.46 Oats
- polenta n. “oatmeal”
- polina adj. “oaten”
8.51 Grass
- fen (feng-) n. “reed”
- liske n. “sedge, reeds”
- salki n. “grass”
- salqe n. “grass, long mowing grass”
8.52 Hay
- nesse n. “(green) fodder, herb, grass”
8.53 Plant, Herb
- lauke (lauki-) n. “vegetable, plant (species)”
- laute (lausi-) n. “living thing, (esp.) vegetable”
8.54 Root
- móle n. “root”
- tarka n. “root”
- tarkele n. “great system of roots”
8.55 Branch
- olwe(n) n. “branch, wand, stick”
- rista n. “shoot (sowing), plant, seedling”
- siripta n. “slender stem”
- sirpe n. “stem, stalk, slender tube, etc.”
- telko n. “stem”
- tuista n. “spray, twig, sprout, shoot”
8.56 Leaf
- lasse n. “leaf; petal”
- lassea adj. “with leaves, leafy”
- pat (papt-) n. “small leaf”
8.565 Thorn
- ehta¹ n. “thorn”
- ekke (ekki-) n. “thorn”
- ekkia adj. “thorny”
8.57 Flower
- lóte n. “flower, bloom, blossom”
- lotella n. “floret”
- lóteqilna adj. “broidered with flowers”
- meril n. “flower”
- tetl n. “small flower”
8.571 Bloom
- lokte (loksi-) n. “blossom (of flowers), (flower) cluster, bunch”
- lótea adj. “full of blossom”
- lotóre n. “blooming, flowering, best time, flower”
- tettele n. “burgeoning, efflorescence”
8.572 to Sprout, Bud, Blossom
- lokta- v. “to sprout, bud, put forth leaves or flowers”
- lóto- v. “to bloom”
- tetse n. “bud”
- tuita- v. “to bud, burst, burgeon, grow”
8.575 Lily
- ailinon n. “water lily”
- narwe¹ n. “(sweet) lily”
- nénu n. “yellow water lily”
- nénuvar n. “pool of lilies”
- qiqilla n. “Lily of the Valley”
8.58 Rose
- kampilosse n. “wild-rose”
- kampin n. “hips, (wild-rose) berries”
- losille n. “rose”
- losse n. “rose; (white) flower”
8.59 Violet
- helin n. “pansy”
- helinille n. “violet”
- helinillea adj. “*violet [colour]”
- helinwa adj. “of pansies; (of colour) a blue-violet”
8.599 Flower (other)
- fumella n. “(red) poppy, *(lit.) flower of sleep”
- kamillo n. “large poppy”
- kamilot n. “red clover”
- kankale-malina n. “daffodil, (lit.) yellow laughter”
- qille¹ (qilli-) n. “blue-bell”
- qillinin (qillinind-) n. “blue-bell”
- qinqenna n. “Solomon’s-seal”
8.60 Tree (generic)
- alda n. “tree, branch”
- aldea adj. “tree-shadowed”
- orne n. “tree”
- taule¹ n. “great tree”
8.61 Oak
- nor (norn-) n. “oak”
- norne n. “oak (tree), oak in general”
- nornea adj. “of oak”
- nornelassea adj. “having oak-leaves”
- orome n. “oak”
8.62 Beech
- líneneldora adj. “having many beeches”
- neldor n. “beech”
- neldorin n. “beech-tree”
- neldorion n. “beech wood”
8.63 Birch
- polonde n. “alder”
- sarko² n. “elder [tree]”
- silqeléni n. “silver birch, (lit.) long tresses”
- silwin (silwind-) n. “birch”
- ulwe n. “alder tree”
- ulwea adj. “alder-grown”
- ulwenoite adj. “alderlike”
- ulwe nornelassea n. “oakleaved alder”
- ulwesse n. “alder-thicket”
8.635 Elm
- alalme (alalmi-) n. “elm (tree)”
8.64 Pine
- aikasse n. “pine-tree”
- aikor n. “pine-tree”
- aiqaire n. “fir, pine (tree)”
- fine n. “larch”
- hóre (hóri-) n. “pine, stone pine”
- horinel (horinell-) n. “pine-needle”
- pimpevinne n. “larch”
- súke n. “resinous trees, pine or fir”
8.655 Tree (other)
- lailekse n. “willow”
- lindelokte n. “laburnum, (lit.) singing cluster”
- lintasarindea adj. “having many willows”
- lintyulussea adj. “having many poplars”
- maisilanda n. “sycamore”
- maite² n. “maple”
- mapalin n. “plane [tree], sycamore”
- mavoisi n. “chestnut”
- palapapte n. “*sycamore”
- paltyalda n. “palm tree”
- randa n. “bark; peel, rind, outer ring, circumference”
- siqilisse n. “weeping willow; lamentation”
- tamuril n. “yew”
- tapatenda mavoisi n. “Spanish [chestnut]”
- tasarin n. “willow”
- tyulusse n. “poplar”
8.67 Vine
- etl n. “ivy”
- liantasse n. “vine”
- liante n. “tendril, vine”
8.99 Vegetation (other)
- ektar² n. “hawthorn, thorn”
- eldasilqe n. “maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress”
- filqe n. “fern”
- helilokte n. “wisteria, (lit.) purple cluster”
- kolosta n. “cucumber”
- nehta n. “hawthorn”
- orikon n. “heather”
- #oron¹ (orond-) n. “bush”
- piosenna n. “holly”
- pi(pi)nektar n. “whitethorn, hawthorn”
- tarasse n. “hawthorn”
- telumbe n. “mushroom, (lit.) fairy-canopy”
9.
Physical Acts and Materials
- 9.11 to Do, Make
- 9.112 Doer, Agent
- 9.114 Action
- 9.14 to Bend
- 9.16 to Bind
- 9.17 Bond
- 9.18 Chain
- 9.19 Rope, Cord
- 9.21 to Hit, Strike, Beat
- 9.22 to Cut
- 9.23 Knife (tool)
- 9.24 Shears, Scissors
- 9.25 Ax
- 9.26 to Break
- 9.27 to Split
- 9.28 to Tear
- 9.29 to Flay, Skin
- 9.31 to Rub
- 9.32 to Stretch
- 9.33 to Draw, Pull
- 9.34 to Strew, Spread Out
- 9.342 to Press
- 9.35 to Pour
- 9.36 to Wash
- 9.413 Horn, Trumpet
- 9.422 Tool
- 9.44 to Build
- 9.45 to Hew
- 9.455 to Poke, Prick, Stab
- 9.46 to Bore
- 9.47 Auger
- 9.48 Saw
- 9.49 Hammer
- 9.50 Nail, Peg
- 9.51 Beam
- 9.52 Board
- 9.54 Brick
- 9.60 Smith
- 9.61 to Forge
- 9.62 Anvil
- 9.635 Metal
- 9.64 Gold
- 9.65 Silver
- 9.66 Copper, Bronze
- 9.67 Iron
- 9.68 Lead
- 9.69 Tin, Tin-Plate
- 9.71 Potter
- 9.74 Glass
- 9.76 Basket
- 9.81 to Carve
- 9.83 Statue
- 9.90 Thing
- 9.91 Be
- 9.92 Become
- 9.93 Need, Necessity
- 9.95 Can, May
- 9.97 Difficult
- 9.98 to Try
- 9.993 to Happen
9.11 to Do, Make
- kara- v. “to do, make”
9.112 Doer, Agent
- #-(a)r suf. “masculine/agental suffix”
- #-mo suf. “agental suffix”
- #-ndo suf. “masculine suffix”
9.114 Action
- ká n. “deed, act, fact”
- karma n. “shape, fashion; act, deed”
- karo n. “deed, act, action”
9.14 to Bend
- kauta- v. “to bend”
9.16 to Bind
- hepe- v. “to bind”
- lia- v. “to entwine”
- lim- v. “to bind”
- serta- v. “to tie”
9.17 Bond
- hetl n. “bond”
9.18 Chain
- limil n. “chain”
9.19 Rope, Cord
- hempa n. “cord”
- serma n. “string, cord”
- tendl n. “string”
9.21 to Hit, Strike, Beat
- hyalta- v. “to strike, make ring”
- lampa- v. “to beat, hit”
- otto- v. “to knock”
- panta-² v. “to beat”
- pete- v. “to knock, strike”
- pilt (pilty-) n. “blow, cuff, box on ear”
- pilty- v. “to strike (esp. with flat hand)”
- tanga- v. “to beat”
- taran (taramb-) n. “bang, buffet”
9.22 to Cut
- #feng- v. “to cut”
- vilki- v. “to cut”
9.23 Knife (tool)
- naika¹ n. “dagger”
9.24 Shears, Scissors
- †oalúme n. “shearing time”
9.25 Ax
- hanta n. “a blow with an axe”
- pelekko (pelekku-) n. “axe”
- tuakka n. “battle axe”
9.26 to Break
- laira- v. “to wear out, break up”
- ranka adj. “broken”
- rusta adj. “broken”
- rúvina adj. “burst”
9.27 to Split
- hyanda- v. “to mow, cleave”
- kiri- v. “to cleave; *to sail”
- kiris (kirist-) n. “cleft, crack”
- kirkis n. “cleft, crack”
- kisin adj. “cleft”
- sahta-² v. “to split”
9.28 to Tear
- sanka¹ n. “rend, jab”
- ulqu- v. “*to rend”
9.29 to Flay, Skin
- par- v. “to peel”
- rara- v. “to scrape, peel, strip”
- rasta n. “file, scraper”
- ripta- v. “to cut in strips, tear up; to stripe, mark in parallel lines; to flay, flog”
9.31 to Rub
- #wara- v. “to rub”
9.32 to Stretch
- lenu- v. “to stretch”
- rakta-¹ v. “to stretch out, reach”
- tapa- v. “to taper, stretch out (intr.), extend thin”
9.33 to Draw, Pull
- #halme n. “drawing”
- hyehta- v. “to jerk”
- hyekka n. “jerk”
- kilt n. “tuck”
- #kilti- v. “to jerk, tuck”
- luk- v. “to pull”
9.34 to Strew, Spread Out
- rína adj. and suf. “scattered, sown”
- rísima adj. “scattered, ubiquitous, universal”
- rísimande adv. “passim”
9.342 to Press
- mal- v. “to crush, squeeze”
- mald- v. “to pound, crush”
- sanga-¹ v. “to pack tight, compress, press; to gather”
9.35 to Pour
- ulto- v. “to pour (tr.)”
- ulu- v. “to pour, gush (intr.)”
9.36 to Wash
- allu- v. “to wash”
- allume n. “washing”
- faskalan n. “bath”
- lusta n. “warm water”
- lusta- v. “to bathe in warm water”
- lutto- v. “to swill, wash”
- poita- v. “to cleanse”
- poitya- v. “to make clean, tidy, straighten”
- saune n. “bath, small pool”
- sausa n. “bath water, hot water”
- sovalle n. “washing, bathing”
- sovo- v. “to wash”
9.413 Horn, Trumpet
- likin n. “horn, curled horn”
- likinda- v. “to blow a trumpet”
- likinda n. “trumpet”
- likinne n. “blowing of horns”
- tumbe n. “trumpet, (large) horn”
9.422 Tool
- enya n. “device (method, trick), machine, engine”
- yaima n. “implement”
9.44 to Build
- taqa- v. “to build, fashion, construct, make”
- tump-¹ v. “to build; to beat”
9.45 to Hew
- pelekta- v. “to hew”
- tyakta- v. “hew”
9.455 to Poke, Prick, Stab
- ilt n. “dig, stab”
- ilt- v. “to thrust home, come in”
- irt (irty-) n. “peck, pinprick”
- #irty- v. “to peck, prick”
- keny- v. “to prick”
- koli- v. “to prick”
- kolimen n. “prick”
- piekta- v. “to prick, pin-prick”
9.46 to Bore
- ter- v. “*to pierce”
9.47 Auger
- terendl n. “lathe”
- teret (terekt-) n. “auger, borer, gimlet”
9.48 Saw
- karkasarma adj. “large saw”
- sara- v. “to saw”
- sarma n. “saw”
9.49 Hammer
- artan (artam-) n. “hammer”
- petl n. “hammer”
- tonga n. “great hammer”
9.50 Nail, Peg
- tanka² n. “fastening, rivet”
- tas (taks-) n. “nail”
9.51 Beam
- súle n. “column, pillar”
- taule² n. “pillar”
- tulwe n. “tall thin pillar, standard, pole; banner”
- vandl n. “staff”
- vanga¹ n. “staff”
9.52 Board
- palta n. “shelf”
- panta² n. “board”
- sarat (sarakt-) n. “plank”
- saratwa adj. “made of planks”
9.54 Brick
- telar n. “brick, tile”
9.60 Smith
- talka¹ n. “smith”
- tongar n. “smith”
9.61 to Forge
- tamin n. “forge”
9.62 Anvil
- onin n. “anvil”
9.635 Metal
- sinqina adj. “metallic”
9.64 Gold
- kulu n. “gold”
- kuluina adj. “golden”
- kululta adj. “of gold”
- kulusta n. “gold coin”
- kuluva adj. “of gold”
- kuluvoite (kuluvoisi-) adj. “golden”
- laure (lauri-) n. “(mystic name of) gold”
- laurea adj. “golden”
- laurina adj. “golden”
9.65 Silver
- ilsa n. “(mystic name of) silver”
- telepta adj. “*silver”
- telpe¹ (telpi-) n. “silver; money”
- telpea adj. “silvern”
- telpina adj. “of silver”
9.66 Copper, Bronze
- kalas (kalass-) n. “brass”
- kalassina adj. “brazen”
- tambe (tambi-) n. “copper, bronze”
- tambina adj. “of copper”
9.67 Iron
- akse (aksi-) n. “steel”
- aksína adj. “[of] steel”
- anga n. “iron”
- angaina adj. “of iron”
- ere(n) n. “iron, steel”
- malo² n. “rust”
- tong??a adj. “of iron”
- tongo n. “iron”
- tongwa adj. “like iron”
- yakse¹ n. “steel”
- yaksina adj. “of steel”
- yeraina adj. “of iron”
- yere(n) n. “pig iron”
- yerenwa adj. “like iron”
9.68 Lead
- kanu n. “lead”
- kanuina adj. “of lead”
- kanuva adj. “leaden”
- núle (núli-) n. “lead”
9.69 Tin, Tin-Plate
- latúken n. “tin”
- latukenda adj. “of tin”
9.71 Potter
- kere n. “earthenware; earthen jar”
- kereksa adj. “of earthenware”
- keres (kerest-) n. “earthenware”
- keresto n. “potter”
9.74 Glass
- lipil n. “a tiny (fay-)glass”
- sintl n. “crystal”
- talku- v. “to glaze”
- talqe (talqi-) n. “glass”
- talqea adj. “glassy”
- talqina adj. “made of glass”
- vírin n. “glass substance [used to make the Moon]”
9.76 Basket
- kolka n. “box”
- poko n. “bag”
9.81 to Carve
- nyasa- v. “to scratch”
9.83 Statue
- ondole n. “stone monument; stone-cairn”
9.90 Thing
- nat (natt-) n. “thing”
- natto (nattu-) n. “thing, affair”
9.91 Be
- e-² v. “to be”
- ná- v. “to be, exist”
- nasta n. “existence, being, creature”
- ó- v. “to be”
- sóma n. “state, condition”
9.92 Become
- nó- v. “to be born, become”
9.93 Need, Necessity
- iqis (iqist-) n. “requirement”
9.95 Can, May
- -alka suf. “able to”
- -ima suf. “-able, possible”
- lata- v. “to be able to (used of opportunity, permission)”
- mala-² v. “to be able to (used of capacity, ability)”
- mále n. “ability”
- málea adj. “able”
- turu-¹ v. “can, to be able”
9.97 Difficult
- auqa adj. “awkward, clumsy (of things), difficult”
9.98 to Try
- tyasa- v. “to test, try, pick, choose”
- tyasta- v. “to put to the test”
9.993 to Happen
- enget n. “a hap”
- mart- v. “to happen (impers.)”
- marta- v. “to chance”
10.
Motion and Transportation
- 10.11 to Move
- 10.12 to Turn
- 10.13 to Turn Around
- 10.14 to Wind, Wrap
- 10.15 to Roll
- 10.21 to Rise
- 10.22 to Lift, Raise
- 10.225 to Hang, Dangle
- 10.23 to Fall
- 10.24 to Drop
- 10.25 to Throw
- 10.26 to Shake
- 10.31 to Boil (intr.)
- 10.32 to Flow
- 10.33 to Sink
- 10.34 to Float
- 10.36 to Sail
- 10.37 to Fly
- 10.38 to Blow
- 10.43 to Jump, Leap
- 10.432 Leaping
- 10.44 to Dance
- 10.45 to Walk
- 10.46 to Run
- 10.47 to Go
- 10.48 to Come
- 10.49 to Depart, Go Away
- 10.50 to Fade
- 10.53 to Pursue
- 10.54 to Overtake
- 10.57 to Enter
- 10.61 to Bear, Carry
- 10.62 to Bring
- 10.63 to Send
- 10.645 to Wander, Stray
- 10.65 to Drive
- 10.66 to Ride
- 10.67 to Push, Shove
- 10.71 Road
- 10.72 Path
- 10.73 Street
- 10.74 Bridge
- 10.75 Cart, Wagon, Carriage
- 10.76 Wheel
- 10.78 Yoke
- 10.81 Ship
- 10.82 Sailor
- 10.83 Boat
- 10.87 Mast
- 10.88 Sail
- 10.90 Port, Harbor
10.11 to Move
- hatse n. “headlong movement”
- lev- v. “to move (intr.)”
- túma adj. “moving”
10.12 to Turn
- kere- v. “to turn”
10.13 to Turn Around
- peltas (peltaks-) n. “pivot”
- pipiri- v. “to twirl, twizzle”
- piruke n. “swirl, twisting, pirouetting”
- rinqa adj. “round, circular; revolving returning, recurrent”
- riqi- v. “to wrench, twist”
10.14 to Wind, Wrap
- lapa- v. “to wrap, swathe, wind”
- lingwilla n. “coil, spire”
- makse n. “net”
- maksella n. “mesh”
- makseta- v. “to enmesh”
- vaita- v. “to wrap”
10.15 to Roll
- konta- v. “to roll up, roll, pack”
- tolu- v. “to roll up, furl”
- velu- v. “to unfurl”
10.21 to Rise
- oro- v. “to rise”
- orosta¹ n. “ascension”
- róna- v. “to arise, rise, ascend”
- rosta- v. “*to rise”
10.22 to Lift, Raise
- amu- v. “to raise”
- orto- v. “to raise”
- qalume² adj. “heaving”
10.225 to Hang, Dangle
- †kinka- v. “to hang (intr.)”
- kinkata- v. “to hang (tr.)”
- pipte- v. “to fall (of folds or clusters), hang, trail”
10.23 to Fall
- iltanka adj. “unsteady”
- lant- v. “to fall, drop”
- lanta n. and adj. “fall, falling; fallen, falling”
- lantanwa adj. “[unglossed]”
- númeta- v. “to get low (of the Sun), go down in the west”
- núta- v. “to stoop, sink”
- suq- v. “to fall, fail, go down, die down”
- talta adj. “shaky, wobbling, tottering; sloping, slanting”
10.24 to Drop
- lipte- v. “to drip”
- litl n. “tiny drop”
10.25 to Throw
- hata- v. “to hurl, fling”
10.26 to Shake
- pal- v. “to shake”
- palme n. “a shaking”
- pampile n. “trembling”
- pampil(e)a adj. “tremulous”
- pampine n. “tremor, earthquake”
- papa- v. “to tremble”
- qap- v. “to throb, flutter”
- qapta-² v. “to flap”
- qasa- v. “to shake, flap, nod, rustle (intr.)”
10.31 to Boil (intr.)
- pumpo n. “bubble; bladder; blister”
- pumpole n. “bubble; merboy”
- pus (pust-) n. “boil”
- welba adj. “boiling, bubbling”
- welbe n. “bubble”
- wele- v. “to boil, bubble”
10.32 to Flow
- keleta n. “trickle”
- kelta- v. “to draw water”
- kelu- v. “to flow”
- linya- v. “to run or flow smoothly”
- lúto n. “flood”
- siri- v. “flow”
- sírima adj. “liquid, flowing”
- sóla n. “tide”
10.33 to Sink
- sunqa adj. “going down, descending; abysmal, deep, profound”
- sunqe n. “going-down, descent, down-fall; abyss, depth”
- sunqelaina adj. “falling, fading, setting”
- sunqele n. “sinking, falling, setting of heavenly bodies”
- sunqelea adj. “westering, setting”
- tum- v. “to dive”
10.34 to Float
- lutu- v. “to flow, float, sail”
10.36 to Sail
- salta- v. “to sail”
- velunte n. “sail”
10.37 to Fly
- wili- v. “to sail, fly, float”
10.38 to Blow
- pus- v. “to puff, snort”
- puse n. “puff”
- pusilla n. “puff, whiff, breeze”
- #pusta- v. “to blow”
- pusulpe n. “gas-bag, balloon”
- pusulta- v. “to puff out with one’s breath”
- sur- v. “to blow”
10.43 to Jump, Leap
- halta- v. “to leap”
- hampa- v. “to hop”
- kap- v. “to jump, leap”
- kapta-² v. “to leap”
- tanta-¹ v. “to bounce, bound, rebound”
- tantila- v. “to hop”
- tantya- v. “to set bouncing”
10.432 Leaping
- haloite adj. “leaping”
- kapalima adj. “bounding, leaping”
- kapanda n. “jump”
- tanta(ra) adj. “bouncing, resilient”
10.44 to Dance
- lilt- v. “to dance”
- lilt n. “dance”
- liltie n. “dancing, dance”
- tanta-² v. “to dance (tr.), dandle, wave”
- tantare n. “dance”
10.45 to Walk
- pata- v. “to rap, tap (of feet)”
- ramba- v. “to walk”
10.46 to Run
- lopeta- v. “to amble, lop”
- lopo- v. “to gallop, run (of animals)”
- loqo- v. “to run (of human beings)”
- nornoro- v. “to run on, run smoothly and hum”
- norolinde adj. “tripping lightly”
- nyoro- v. “to run”
- pelte- v. “to run”
- yuro n. “a run, race”
- yuru- v. “to run”
10.47 to Go
- ere-² v. “to go”
- inta- v. “to go (indefinite), fare, proceed”
- tie- v. “to go”
10.48 to Come
- #antulu- v. “to return”
- *lé- v. “to come, be sent, approach”
10.49 to Depart, Go Away
- #ava- v. “to depart”
- avande interj. “get hence!”
- avanwa adj. “going, passing, nearly gone”
- vana- v. “to pass, depart, vanish, go away”
- vanwa adj. “gone, on the road, past, over, lost”
10.50 to Fade
- #hista- v. “to fade”
- minda- v. “to diminish, fade, lessen, vanish”
- minga adj. “waning”
10.53 to Pursue
- rawa- v. “to run, chase”
10.54 to Overtake
- lak (laq-) n. “snare”
- laqa- v. “to catch, seize, snare”
10.57 to Enter
- elte- v. “to thrust in”
- mitta- v. “to enter”
- pen prep. “through”
- perma n. “passage; pass, aperture”
- ter prep. “through”
10.61 to Bear, Carry
- tala- v. “to carry, bring; to weigh (intr.)”
- yulu- v. “to carry”
10.62 to Bring
- tulalka adj. “able to bring”
- túlima adj. “(worth bringing) bringable, able to be brought”
- tulinya adj. “(bringable) worth bringing”
- tulu- v. “to bring, carry, fetch; to move (intr.), come; to produce, bear fruit”
- tulya- v. “to send, bring”
10.63 to Send
- esta- v. “to send”
10.645 to Wander, Stray
- palava- v. “to stray, wander”
- paláva adj. “wandering”
- palwa- v. “to make wander”
10.65 to Drive
- #ele- v. “to drive; to come”
10.66 to Ride
- lehesta n. “ride, riding, raid”
- lehta- v. “to ride, move (tr.)”
10.67 to Push, Shove
- elta n. “a thrust”
10.71 Road
- aldeon (aldeond-) n. “avenue (of trees)”
- vasta n. “road”
10.72 Path
- raume n. “running, course”
- tie n. “line, direction, route, road, path”
- #van (vand-) n. “way, path”
10.73 Street
- malle n. “street, road”
10.74 Bridge
- penda¹ n. “bridge”
- ranta¹ n. “arch, bridge”
- sarapenda n. “wood-bridge”
10.75 Cart, Wagon, Carriage
- norolle n. “cart”
10.76 Wheel
- qirin n. “wheel”
10.78 Yoke
- yalta n. “yoke”
- yarta n. “yoke”
10.81 Ship
- kirya n. “ship, boat”
- kiryassea adj. “what is on board ship”
- veakirya n. “sea-ship”
10.82 Sailor
- veniel n. “mariner”
- yarendila adj. “like a sailor”
- yarendilyon n. “sailor”
10.83 Boat
- lunte (lunti-) n. “ship, boat”
- markirya n. “ark”
10.87 Mast
- tyulma n. “mast”
10.88 Sail
- tala² n. “sail”
10.90 Port, Harbor
11.
Possession and Trade
- 11.12 to Own, Possess
- 11.13 to Take
- 11.14 to Grasp, Seize, Take Hold of
- 11.15 to Hold
- 11.16 to Get, Obtain
- 11.21 to Give
- 11.23 to Restore
- 11.24 to Save, Preserve, Keep Safe
- 11.25 to Save, Rescue
- 11.27 to Destroy
- 11.28 to Harm, Injure, Damage
- 11.29 to Spoil
- 11.31 to Seek
- 11.34 to Release
- 11.41 Property
- 11.42 Wealth, Riches
- 11.43 Money
- 11.46 Treasure
- 11.51 Rich
- 11.52 Poor
- 11.53 Beggar
- 11.56 to Steal
- 11.57 Thief
- 11.64 Debt
- 11.66 Account, Reckoning
- 11.69 Tax
- 11.72 Cost, Expense
- 11.82 to Sell
- 11.83 to Trade
- 11.84 Merchant, Tradesman
- 11.85 Market (place)
- 11.88 Dear, Expensive
11.12 to Own, Possess
- makte² (maksi-) n. “hold, grip, power, possession”
- milk(i)- v. “to possess, have, keep”
- #yaim- v. “to possess”
11.13 to Take
- lep- v. “to take”
11.14 to Grasp, Seize, Take Hold of
- #aqa- v. “to seize”
- mapa- v. “to seize, take; to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly”
11.15 to Hold
- kulp- v. “to contain”
- vaine (vaino-) n. “sheath, pod”
- yava-² v. “to hold”
11.16 to Get, Obtain
- nete- [ñ-] v. “to get”
- túvima adj. “acceptable”
- tuvu- v. “to receive, accept, take, require, cost”
11.21 to Give
- an (and-) n. “gift”
- anar (anard-) n. “giver”
- anta- v. “to give”
11.23 to Restore
- loista- v. “to refresh”
11.24 to Save, Preserve, Keep Safe
- alantya adj. “*shielded, protected”
- alatya- v. “to shield, ward off, protect”
- moina adj. “safe, secure”
- qára n. “watch, ward”
- tarqa- v. “to dry, preserve; to pickle”
11.25 to Save, Rescue
- resta- v. “to aid, come to aid of, rescue, save”
11.27 to Destroy
- faikar n. “destroyer, slayer; bane”
- qeletya- v. “to perish”
- qelme n. “ruin, utter end, perdition, end, death”
11.28 to Harm, Injure, Damage
- hyan- v. “to injure”
- hyanda² n. “harm, damage”
- mala-¹ v. “to hurt, pain”
11.29 to Spoil
- avalta- v. “to strip, despoil, denude”
- hessa adj. “dead, withered”
- hesta- v. “to wither”
- il(l)oite adj. “withered, dead”
- minu- v. “to make less, decrease, spoil, alter for worse”
- narqa adj. “faded, shrivelled”
- narqa- v. “to wither”
- narqele n. “fading, withering”
- qeleksie n. “rot, corruption”
- qeleksima adj. “corrupt, rotten”
- tyurda adj. “curdled”
- tyuru- v. “to ‘turn’ milk, curdle (blood etc.)”
11.31 to Seek
- saka- v. “to pursue, look for, search”
- satl n. “search, enquiry”
- tuktalla n. “*search”
- tuku- v. “to go in search of, look for, fetch”
11.34 to Release
- erefainu n. “release”
- fainu- v. “to release”
- lapta- v. “?to relax, loosen”
- #úsiéra adj. “*escaped”
- usu- v. “to escape, get out”
- uswe n. “escape, issue, outlet”
11.41 Property
- aute¹ n. “goods, property, wealth, money”
11.42 Wealth, Riches
- ausie n. “wealth”
- milkin n. “wealth”
11.43 Money
- telpilin n. “silver piece”
11.46 Treasure
- foa n. “hoard, treasure”
11.51 Rich
- aute² (ausi-) adj. “rich”
- avarna adj. “very rich”
- malke (malki-) adj. “rich”
11.52 Poor
- mange² n. “lack, want, shortage”
- oika adj. “poor”
- oise n. “poverty”
- oiswa adj. “poor”
11.53 Beggar
- iq- v. “to beg, ‘pray’”
11.56 to Steal
- naqa- v. “to steal”
- pili- v. “to steal”
11.57 Thief
- naqar n. “thief”
- pilu n. “thief, robber”
11.64 Debt
- paitya- v. “to repay, requite”
11.66 Account, Reckoning
- qoto- v. “to count up, reckon; to account, call up; to think, consider”
11.69 Tax
- toko- v. “to feel with the hand, handle; to appraise, tax, assess, assay; to try, test, essay, endeavour”
11.72 Cost, Expense
- vil(de) n. “matter, business, affair, thing”
- #vildi- v. “to matter; to be of significance, worth, moment”
- vildima adj. “essential, imperative”
11.82 to Sell
- qampa n. “peddlar-goods”
- qampa- v. “to hawk goods”
- qampale n. “chaffering”
- vakse n. “sale”
11.83 to Trade
- qapa- v. “to chaffer, bargain, swap, barter”
- qapta n. “deal, bargain”
- qapta-¹ v. “to exchange”
- qaptale n. “exchange”
- vaktele n. “trade”
11.84 Merchant, Tradesman
- qampo n. “pedlar, huckster”
- vaktelear n. “merchant”
11.85 Market (place)
- vanko n. “wares”
- #vat (vakt-) n. “wares”
11.88 Dear, Expensive
- valda n. and adj. “worth; worthy, dear”
- valdea adj. “of moment, important”
12.
Spatial Relations
- 12.11 Place
- 12.12 to Put, Place, Set, Lay
- 12.13 to Sit
- 12.14 to Lie, Recline
- 12.15 to Stand
- 12.16 to Stay, Wait, Remain
- 12.17 to Remain, be Left Over
- 12.19 Quiet
- 12.195 Whisper
- 12.21 to Gather, Collect
- 12.22 to Join, Unite
- 12.221 Together
- 12.222 And
- 12.223 Also
- 12.23 to Separate
- 12.232 to Divide
- 12.24 to Open
- 12.26 to Cover
- 12.27 to Hide, Conceal
- 12.272 Hidden, Concealed
- 12.31 High
- 12.32 Low
- 12.33 Top
- 12.34 Bottom
- 12.35 End
- 12.352 Point
- 12.353 Edge
- 12.37 Middle
- 12.38 Center
- 12.391 In, Inside
- 12.392 Out, Outside
- 12.393 Across, Athwart
- 12.394 Up, Above, Over
- 12.395 Down, Below, Beneath
- 12.3955 In Front
- 12.396 Behind, At the Rear
- 12.397 Beyond
- 12.398 To, Towards
- 12.399 From, Away
- 12.41 Right (vs. Left)
- 12.42 Left (vs. Right)
- 12.43 Near
- 12.45 East
- 12.46 West
- 12.47 North
- 12.51 Form, Shape
- 12.53 to Grow
- 12.54 to Measure
- 12.55 Big, Large, Great
- 12.56 Small, Little
- 12.565 Bit, Small Thing
- 12.57 Long
- 12.58 Tall
- 12.61 Wide, Broad
- 12.62 Narrow
- 12.63 Thick (in Dimension)
- 12.64 Thick (in Density)
- 12.65 Thin (in Dimension)
- 12.66 Thin (in Density)
- 12.67 Deep
- 12.71 Flat
- 12.72 Hollow, Concave
- 12.73 Straight
- 12.74 Crooked
- 12.75 Hook, Crook
- 12.76 Angle, Corner
- 12.77 Cross
- 12.78 Square
- 12.81 Round
- 12.82 Circle
- 12.83 Sphere
- 12.84 Line
- 12.85 Hole
- 12.91 Equal, Alike
- 12.92 Like, Similar
- 12.925 Different, Other
- 12.93 to Change
12.11 Place
- arda n. “place, spot”
- larma n. “area, space, room”
- larmavoite adj. “roomy, spacious”
- #panyara adj. “?setting”
12.12 to Put, Place, Set, Lay
- kasóro- v. “to make sit, set”
- pano n. “series, course, plan, arrangement”
- panya- v. “to plan, arrange, intend, mean”
- sorto- v. “to set, settle”
12.13 to Sit
- haka- v. “to squat”
- soro- v. “to sit”
- sorta- v. “to sit down”
12.14 to Lie, Recline
- kaima- v. “to lie quiet”
- kaita- v. “to place, lie down”
- kaitoile n. “rest”
- kama- v. “to lie down; (c. loc.) to endure, suffer”
- kamu- v. “to lay down, bend down, reduce”
- kaya- v. “to lie”
- láta- v. “to spread, extend, lie (of country)”
12.15 to Stand
- hyá- v. “to stand”
- nohto- v. “to stick out”
- tyulta- v. “to rear up, stick up”
12.16 to Stay, Wait, Remain
- har- v. “to remain”
- masta- v. “to tarry, linger”
12.17 to Remain, be Left Over
- #er- v. “to remain”
- sal- v. “?to remain or remove”
12.19 Quiet
- qie adj. “calm at sea”
- qilda adj. “quiet, hushed, still”
- qilde n. “quiet, rest, hush”
- qildi- v. “to rest, stay quiet, be quiet”
- rua adj. “steady, still, tranquil”
- rue n. “rest, stillness, remaining, steadfastness”
12.195 Whisper
- hyasse n. “rushing ?hence (?noise)”
- hyasta- v. “to rush, rustle”
- qiri-² v. “to murmur”
- qirqirinda adj. “murmuring”
- qirqirinde n. “murmuring”
- qisi- v. “to whisper”
- qisqiri- v. “to rustle, murmur”
- ulmula adj. “mumbling”
- vassale n. “rustling”
12.21 to Gather, Collect
- arm- v. “to gather, collect”
- hosta- v. “*to gather”
- hostalka adj. “able to gather”
- #kum- v. “to pile up”
- lese- v. “to come together, gather (intr.)”
- lesta- v. “to collect (tr.)”
- rakta-² v. “to pile, hoard, amass, collect”
12.22 to Join, Unite
- lekte- v. “to join together, dovetail, fit in, splice”
- leqet (leqett-) n. “joint”
- oksa n. “joint”
- pak- v. “to apply, attach”
- taka- v. “to fix, fasten”
- tyak- v. “to stick”
- yanta² adj. “joined”
12.221 Together
- le² prep. “with (accompaniment)”
- ma- pref. “together, in one”
- -ngwe suf. “*together”
- so- pref. “grouped, together”
- va- pref. “together”
12.222 And
- ar(a) conj. “but; and”
- ya(n) conj. “and”
12.223 Also
- aru adv. “in addition, as well, besides”
- yando adv. “also”
12.23 to Separate
- koluke n. “strainer”
- silt- v. “to sift, sort out, winnow”
- silta n. “sieve”
- siltina adj. “winnowed”
12.232 to Divide
- #ranta² n. “part”
- tirt (tirty-) n. “part, portion, share, section”
- tirtina adj. “divided, shared, distributed”
- tirty- v. “to partition, divide, part, distribute”
12.24 to Open
- apta- v. “to open”
- apte (*apti-) adj. “open”
- panta¹ adj. “open, wide, spreading”
- panta-¹ v. “to open, unfold, spread”
- pantie n. “unfolding, opening, revealing”
- patsima adj. “wide open”
12.26 to Cover
- talda adj. “covered”
- telin (telimb-) n. “roof, covering”
- #tildi- v. “to cover”
- tump-² v. “to cover”
- túpo n. “roof, cover, lid”
- vaile n. “covering, *sheath”
12.27 to Hide, Conceal
- lom- v. “to hide, lurk”
- moru- v. “to hide, conceal, lurk”
12.272 Hidden, Concealed
- foina adj. “hidden, secret”
- furin adj. “hidden, concealed”
12.31 High
- aiqale n. “a steep, steepness”
- aiqie n. “highness, height”
- alva adj. “?lofty”
- ankasse(a) adj. “lofty, tall, (lit.) up-headed, high-headed”
- anwa adj. “high up, place high”
- ordie n. “height, loftiness”
- orwa adj. “lofty”
- tá¹ adj. and adv. “high; high above, high up”
- tahóra adj. “lofty”
- tára adj. “lofty, high, tall”
- tárie n. “height”
12.32 Low
- hunda adj. “low, lowly”
12.33 Top
- ána n. “crown of head, top”
- ormin n. “top”
12.34 Bottom
- sulmin n. “base of a pillar, base of column”
- talpa n. “support, prop, base, basis, pediment (column)”
- tauma n. “basis, foundation, ground floor”
- tulpo n. “buttress, prop”
12.35 End
- lappa n. “loose-end, end of rope, hem of robe”
- talma² n. “end”
12.352 Point
- kent n. “a sharp point”
- kolme n. “point, tip”
- kolmekta adj. “pointed”
- kolosilde n. “long thin point”
- mente n. “peak, tip”
- tilde n. “point, tip, peak”
- tinda n. “spike”
- tinde (tindi-) adj. “spiked, pointed, barbed”
12.353 Edge
- kante n. “edge”
- kíla n. “edge, rim”
- rimbe n. “edge, lip, brim”
- taste n. “fringe”
- teluste (telusti-) n. “extremity”
12.37 Middle
- mekilwa adj. “central”
- meqa adj. “middle”
12.38 Center
- mekta adj. “centre”
- mekte n. “heart; centre”
- metl (mekil-) n. “centre”
- tóle¹ n. “centre”
- tólea adj. “central, middle”
12.391 In, Inside
- hir (hird-) n. “inwards, interior, inside, heart”
- imi adv. “in, inside”
- int adv. “inwards”
- ir (ird-) n. “interior, centre, inwards, inner parts”
- mi prep. “*in”
- mitta¹ prep. and adv. “in, into, inwards”
12.392 Out, Outside
- ere-¹ pref. “out”
- eru¹ adv. “outward”
- erúmea adj. “outer, outermost”
- erus(ta) adj. and n. “outside”
- es- pref. “*out”
- est adj. “outwards”
12.393 Across, Athwart
- arta prep. “across, athwart”
- lahta- v. “‽”
- ‽o prep. “over, across, along”
- tara- v. “to cross, go athwart, cross rivers”
- tarna n. “passage, ford, crossing”
12.394 Up, Above, Over
- amba adv. “up”
- ambapenda adj. “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome”
- am(u)- pref. “up(wards)”
- amu adv. “up(wards)”
- amunta adj. “up, risen (of the sun)”
- kasse prep. “above”
- or prep. “on; above, upon”
- orta prep. “above”
- (or)tande adv. “above (of motion upwards)”
- ta² prep. “on, above; by, beside; than”
12.395 Down, Below, Beneath
- hant adv. “down, to the ground”
- nu prep. “under”
- nún adv. “beneath”
- ú prep. “beneath”
- úva adj. “the under”
12.3955 In Front
- nóva adj. “ahead, foremost, leading”
12.396 Behind, At the Rear
- pimpina adj. “trailing”
- ponte (ponti-) n. “back, rear”
- pote (potsi-) adv. “after, behind (of place)”
- potsina adj. “rearward, back, rear, hinder; next, following; second”
12.397 Beyond
- ala³ prep. “beyond, after; before”
12.398 To, Towards
- an(a) prep. “to(wards); until”
- -r² suf. “*allative”
- tande adv. “thither”
12.399 From, Away
- ‽au prep. “away from”
- kallo adv. and prep. “off, from off, from on top of, from on”
- -llo suf. “from, out of; ablative suffix”
- ô prep. “from”
- va prep. “from; with”
- vá¹ adv. and adj. “gone forth, away”
- vande¹ adv. “away, hence, forth”
12.41 Right (vs. Left)
- póya adj. “[unglossed]”
12.42 Left (vs. Right)
- malenka adj. “left handed”
12.43 Near
- ar² (as-) prep. “to, against, next, on (wall)”
- are¹ adv. “beside, along”
- har(e) adv. “near”
- hyá adv. “here by us”
- hya¹ pron. “this by us”
- hya² prep. “by”
- ma¹ prep. “*by”
- tange¹ adv. “close to, by”
- tange² (tangi-) adj. “close, near”
12.45 East
- Ambalar n. “the East”
- oronto n. “East, rising (of the sun)”
12.46 West
- núme n. “west”
- númea adj. “in the west, western”
- numenda adj. “western”
12.47 North
- póme n. “north”
- pómea adj. “northern”
- pómear n. “northern man, norseman”
12.51 Form, Shape
- táqa n. “form, shape”
- ‽terenwa adj. “shapely, well tuned”
- venie n. “shape, cut”
- venta- v. “to cut, shape”
12.53 to Grow
- #ala- v. “?to grow”
- lotórea adj. “flourishing”
12.54 to Measure
- talma¹ n. “weight, measure”
- talme n. “weight (abst.)”
12.55 Big, Large, Great
- úmea adj. “large”
- velike (veliki-) adj. “great, large”
- velikse adv. “greatly”
- yanta¹ adj. “large”
12.56 Small, Little
- inya adj. “tiny”
- mike adv. “little, a (little) bit; diminutive”
- minwa adj. “small”
- mitya adj. “little (in quantity)”
- pínea adj. “small”
- pinilya adj. “small”
- titta adj. “tiny”
12.565 Bit, Small Thing
- mie² n. “bit, small piece”
- min¹ (mind-) n. “bit, piece”
- mitta² n. “piece, bit (of indeterminate size)”
- pí n. “speck, spot, dot, mote”
12.57 Long
- ande(a) (andi-) adj. “long (of space)”
- -léni suf. “long”
- limbelu adv. “*long”
- sóra² adj. “long, trailing”
12.58 Tall
- aiqa adj. “steep, tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief”
- oronta adj. “steep”
- tyulin adj. “tall”
12.61 Wide, Broad
- †aika adj. “broad, vast”
- halda adj. “wide, broad”
- landa adj. “wide, broad”
12.62 Narrow
- fingil n. “narrows, straits, gulf”
- fingwa adj. “narrow”
- kolwa adj. “narrow, thin”
- lenuva adj. “tight, narrow”
- lenwa adj. “long and thin, straight, narrow”
12.63 Thick (in Dimension)
- fambo n. “fat man”
- fauka adj. “fat, large”
- piute- v. “to flourish, batten, grow fat”
- pulu- v. “to swell (intr.)”
- pyúva adj. “fat”
- tyúka¹ adj. “thick”
12.64 Thick (in Density)
- sangwa adj. “tight, thick, dense, tough, hard”
- tiuka adj. “dense, solid”
- tiure (tiuri-) adj. “compact”
- tunga adj. “thick, dense”
- tyúre (tyúri-) adj. “stout, dense, compact”
12.65 Thin (in Dimension)
- minya¹ adj. “fine, slender”
- pinqe (pinqi-) adj. “slender, thin”
- pinqisil(da) (pinqisild-) adj. “(slender and) tapering”
- sild(r)a adj. “slender”
12.66 Thin (in Density)
- filume adj. “gossamer”
- filwa adj. “fine, thin”
12.67 Deep
- tumna adj. “deep, profound, dark or hidden”
12.71 Flat
- enqe² (enqi-) n. “plane, level”
- palo (palu-) n. “plane surface, plain, the flat”
- paluva adj. “even, flat, level”
12.72 Hollow, Concave
- ronta adj. “hollow”
- róta n. “tube, hollow cylinder”
- rotse n. “pipe, tube”
12.73 Straight
- tea¹ adj. “straight”
- tína adj. “straight”
12.74 Crooked
- kauka adj. “crooked, bent, bowed, humped”
- pereqa adj. “crooked”
12.75 Hook, Crook
- lempe² n. “crook, hook”
- lepta¹ adj. “hooked (as a tendril)”
- unqu-¹ v. “to hook into, catch (fish), catch in, etc.”
12.76 Angle, Corner
- nelqa adj. “cornered”
- nelt n. “corner (from outside)”
- winka n. “corner, nook”
12.77 Cross
- tarwe n. “cross, crucifix”
- tarwesta- v. “to crucify”
12.78 Square
- neldenelqa n. “square, quadrilateral”
12.81 Round
- kómea adj. “globe-shaped, round”
- korima adj. “round”
- pele- v. “to surround, fence in, pen in”
- rimni adv. “around, all around”
- #rinki adj. “orbed”
- toloise adj. “rounded, cylindrical”
- werin(a) adj. “round”
12.82 Circle
- korin n. “circular enclosure, great circular hedge”
- pirimbe n. “ring, circle”
- pirindea adj. “cylindrical”
- pirinumbe n. “cylinder (hollow)”
- rinko n. “disc, orb, circle”
12.83 Sphere
- kóma n. “a ball”
- kut (kupt-) n. “lump, ball”
- tolupe (tolupi-) n. “roll, ball of wool”
12.84 Line
- nyas (nyast-) n. “scratch, score, line, mark”
- rimpe (rimpi-) n. “stripe, strip”
- rimp(in)a adj. “striped”
12.85 Hole
- apsa n. “hole, opening”
- nolmo n. “pit”
- sapsa n. “pit, grave”
- sat (sapt-) n. “hole”
- tunda n. “hole”
12.91 Equal, Alike
- aryúlima adj. “equal, equivalent”
- iminqa adj. “exactly alike, identical”
- inqa adj. “same”
- inqavíka adj. “exactly alike, identical”
- inqile n. “sameness”
12.92 Like, Similar
- avealta- v. “to resemble closely”
- avíka adj. “very much alike”
- senda adj. “like, something like, similar”
- sesta- v. “to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate”
- seste n. “similarity”
- sestima adj. “comparable”
- sovea adj. “alike”
- vea¹ adj. “similar, like”
- veasta n. “resemblance, comparison”
- víkana- v. “to compare”
- -víke suf. “as”
- víke adj. “like”
12.925 Different, Other
- etya adj. “other (of two)”
- etyo n. “other (of two)”
- nyan(do) n. “another, other (of many)”
- nyanya adj. “another, other (of many)”
- vára adj. “other”
- varya adj. “different”
12.93 to Change
- varta n. “change”
13.
Quantity and Number
13.11 Amount, Quantity
- qotta n. “sum, number, account, total”
13.12 Number
- limbe n. “a number”
- tanta n. “number”
- #tasinwa adj. “numbered”
- -wen suf. “*number suffix”
13.13 Whole
- kaina² adj. “whole”
- kaino n. “whole”
13.14 All, Every
- máka adj. “each, every”
- oma n. “everywhere”
- omarimni adv. “everywhere about”
- ompa adj. “each; all, every”
- ompinasta n. “everyone”
- on(t) (om-) n. “everything”
13.15 Much, Many
- lia(r) adj. “many”
- limba adj. “many”
- li(n)- pref. “many”
- mai¹ adv. “too much”
- olli adj. “many”
- olt adj. “much”
- olya adv. “much”
13.16 More
- olda¹ adj. “more”
- oldo(s) adv. “more”
13.165 to Add, Increase
- olto- v. “to increase, multiply”
- velitya- v. “to magnify”
- yanta- v. “to add to, enlarge, increase, augment”
13.17 Few, Little
- manka adj. “few”
13.19 Crowd, Multitude
- horma n. “horde, host”
- ille (illi-) n. “throng, crowd”
- illia adj. “in multitudes”
- sanga n. “throng, tight mass, crowd”
13.192 Other Collective Words
- anqin n. “bunch”
- imbile n. “swarm, flock”
- kart (*karp-) n. “bunch, tuft”
- lerendi n. “brotherhood, association, college”
- lesta n. “gathering, assembly”
- lielesta n. “folk moot”
- limna n. “sheaf”
- nostale n. “species, kind; nature”
- panna n. “arrangement, grouping; book”
- soleste n. “collection”
13.21 Full
- kunta adj. “full”
- qanta adj. “full, whole, all”
- qanta- v. “to fill, complete”
13.22 Empty
- munta n. “nothing”
13.24 Half
- lempe³ fraction. “one half”
- lempea² adj. “half”
- lenya adj. “half”
13.25 Fraction, Division
- enqellume adv. “*six times”
- enqesto fraction. “one sixth”
- enqest(y)a adj. “one sixth”
- huesto fraction. “one ninth”
- huest(y)a adj. “one ninth”
- kantallume adv. “*four times”
- kantasto fraction. “quarter, one fourth”
- kantast(y)a fraction. “quarter, one fourth”
- keallume adv. “*ten times”
- kesto fraction. “one tenth”
- kestya fraction. “one tenth”
- lemillume adv. “*five times”
- lemindea adj. “quintuple”
- leminto fraction. “one fifth”
- lemintya fraction. “one fifth”
- maisinto fraction. “one thousandth”
- maisintya fraction. “one thousandth”
- mindórinto fraction. “one millionth”
- mindórintya fraction. “one millionth”
- minqellume adv. “*eleven times”
- minqesto fraction. “one eleventh”
- minqest(y)a fraction. “one eleventh”
- nelke(a)llume adv. “*thirteen times”
- nelkesto fraction. “one thirteenth”
- nelkestya fraction. “one thirteenth”
- otsollume adv. “*seven times”
- otsonto fraction. “one seventh”
- otsontya fraction. “one seventh”
- *-sto suf. “fraction suffix”
- toltosto fraction. “one eighth”
- toltost(y)a fraction. “one eighth”
- tuksallume adv. “*hundred times”
- tuksanto fraction. “one hundredth”
- tuksantya fraction. “one hundredth”
- yukainellume adv. “*twenty times”
- yukainento fraction. “one twentieth”
- yukainentya fraction. “one twentieth”
- yunqetto fraction. “one twelfth”
13.31 Numerals
- lempea¹ adj. “decimal”
13.32 One
- ellume adv. “*one time”
- eru² adv. “once”
- erya adj. “only, single”
- min² num. card. “one (in a series); the first”
- mir num. card. “one”
13.33 Alone, Only
- er¹ adj. and adv. “one, only, alone, a single”
- er² adv. and conj. “only, but, still”
- erda adj. “solitary, deserted”
- eresse (eressi-) adv. “alone, by oneself, singly, only; once”
- eressea adj. “lonely”
13.34 First
- kastea adj. “of the head; head-, capital, chief”
- minya² num. ord. “first”
- minyallume adv. “firstly”
13.35 Last
- oilima adj. “last”
- oilimaite adj. “final, ultimate, last”
- telúmea adj. “final, conclusive, end; last; extreme”
- telusta adj. “outer, extreme, ultimate”
13.36 Two
- aqi adj. “a brace, a couple of, both”
- satta adj. “both”
- satto adj. “both; the two”
- yunga n. “twin”
13.38 Double, Twice
- at- pref. “bi-, twi-”
- attala- v. “?double”
- potsinallume adv. “a second time”
- *ui adj. “*two”
- yú adv. “twice”
- yullume adv. “twice, *two times”
13.41 Three
- nelde num. card. “three; four”
- ole¹ num. card. “three”
13.42 Third (ordinal)
- nelya num. ord. “third”
13.43 a Third (fraction)
- neldesto fraction. “one third”
- neldest(y)a adj. “one third”
13.44 Occurring Three Times
- nel adv. “thrice”
- nellume adv. “*three times”
13.54 Cardinal Number
- atwen num. card. “twenty”
- ende num. card. “six”
- enekkainen num. card. “sixty”
- en(ek)kea num. card. “sixteen”
- enqe num. card. “six”
- enqendóra num. card. “*six million”
- enqendóre num. card. “*sextillion”
- hualqe num. card. “eighteen”
- hue num. card. “nine”
- huekainen num. card. “ninety”
- húkea num. card. “nineteen”
- húme num. card. “thousand; †great number”
- kai num. card. “ten; (lit.) all fingers”
- kainen num. card. “ten”
- kan adv. “four times”
- kankea num. card. “fourteen”
- kanta num. card. “four”
- kan(ta)kainen num. card. “forty”
- kantóra num. card. “*four million”
- kantóre num. card. “quadrillion”
- kea num. card. “ten”
- kea tuksa num. card. “one hundred ten”
- kekainen num. card. “hundred (when not multiplied)”
- lemin num. card. “five; (lit.) half the fingers”
- lemindóra num. card. “*five million”
- lemindóre num. card. “*quintillion”
- leminkainen num. card. “fifty; twenty three”
- lempe¹ num. card. “ten”
- lempessea adj. “tenfold”
- lenkea num. card. “fifteen”
- maite¹ (maisi-) num. card. “thousand”
- mindóra num. card. “million”
- mindóre num. card. “million”
- minqe num. card. “eleven”
- minqekainen num. card. “one hundred ten”
- minya yukainen num. card. “twenty one”
- -(n)dóra suf. “million”
- -(n)dóre suf. “-illion, *large number suffix”
- nel(de)kainen num. card. “thirty”
- nelde tukse num. card. “three hundred”
- neldóra num. card. “three million”
- neldóre num. card. “trillion”
- nelkea num. card. “thirteen”
- okkea num. card. “seventeen”
- olme(t) num. card. “nine”
- olwen num. card. “thirty six”
- otso num. card. “seven”
- otsokainen num. card. “seventy”
- otsondóra num. card. “*seven million”
- otsondóre num. card. “*septillion”
- ‽otwen num. card. “84”
- sóra³ num. card. “million; (vaguely) a very great number”
- tolkea num. card. “eighteen”
- tolto num. card. “eight”
- tol(to)kainen num. card. “eighty”
- tuksa num. card. “gross, 144; hundred”
- tuksa kainen num. card. “thousand”
- tuksa pínea n. “hundred”
- uiven num. card. “twenty”
- umna num. card. “eight”
- yukainen num. card. “twenty”
- yukainen tuksa num. card. “one hundred twenty”
- yundóra num. card. “two million”
- yundóre num. card. “billion”
- yunqe num. card. “twelve”
- yúyo num. card. “two”
- yúyo húmi num. card. “two thousand”
- yúyo tuksa num. card. “two hundred”
- yúyo yukainen num. card. “twenty two”
13.55 Ordinal Number
- enekkaiya num. ord. “sixteenth”
- enetya num. ord. “sixth”
- hualtya num. ord. “eighteenth”
- hukaiya num. ord. “nineteenth”
- humetya num. ord. “*thousandth”
- húya num. ord. “ninth”
- kaiya num. ord. “tenth”
- kankaiya num. ord. “fourteenth”
- kanya num. ord. “fourth”
- keanya num. ord. “tenth”
- leminkaiya num. ord. “fifteenth”
- leminya num. ord. “fifth”
- maisinya num. ord. “thousandth”
- mindorinya num. ord. “millionth”
- minqenya num. ord. “eleventh”
- minya yukainen(ya) num. ord. “twenty first”
- nelkaiya num. ord. “thirteenth”
- okkaiya num. ord. “seventeenth”
- otya num. ord. “seventh”
- tolkaiya num. ord. “eighteenth”
- tolya num. ord. “eighth”
- tuksainenya num. ord. “thousandth”
- tuksanya num. ord. “hundredth”
- yukainenya num. ord. “twentieth”
- yunqenya num. ord. “twelfth”
13.99 Quantity and Number (other)
- -llume suf. “-times”
- -lukse suf. “-times”
14.
Time
14.11 Time (period)
- lukta n. “period”
- lúme (lúmi-) n. “time”
- lúmia adj. “pertaining to time, temporal”
- lúta- v. “to have time pass”
14.12 Age
- vorne n. “an aeon”
14.13 New
- loite adj. “fresh”
14.14 Young
- kana adj. “young”
- laisi n. “youth, vigour, new life”
14.15 Old
- aire² adj. “old”
- haura adj. “old, aged, ancient”
14.17 Late (adv)
- telwa adj. “last, late”
14.18 Now
- enqin adv. “*now”
- qí adv. “*now”
- sí adv. “*now”
- tyá adv. “now”
14.19 Soon, Immediately
- rato adv. “soon”
14.21 Fast, Swift, Quick
- (a)rauka adj. “swift, rushing”
- halis (haliss-) n. “rush”
- hatsea adj. “rushing, rapid”
- rauko adj. “ravening, rushing”
14.22 Slow
- lenka adj. “slow, dull, stiff; left (hand)”
14.23 to Hurry, Hasten
- hur- v. “to speed”
- orosta² n. “impetus, speed, haste, rash courage”
- #vasa- v. “to rush (of both noise and speed, tr.)”
- vasta- v. “to rush (of both noise and speed, intr.)”
14.25 to Begin; Beginning
- astuvu- v. “to begin”
- avesta¹ n. “opening, beginning, overture”
- tulka- v. “to fix, stick in, set up, establish”
14.252 to Last
- perenwa adj. “continual, enduring, unceasing”
- rúya adj. “unmoved, steadfast”
- vorima adj. “everlasting”
- vorinqile n. “monotony”
- vorokantele n. “harping, vain or monotonous repetition”
14.254 Patience, Endurance
- kóle n. “passivity, endurance, patience; a passive individual”
- kólema n. “patience, endurance; hardship”
- kólemaina adj. “patient”
- kólemaine n. “patience”
- kóleta- v. “to endure, last”
- kóleva adj. “passive”
- pere- v. “to go through, pass, pierce; to endure, undergo, experience; to penetrate, get to understand; to last”
- peren (perend-) adj. “enduring, patient, lasting”
- perendie n. “patience; endurance; an agelong period”
- perpere- v. “to endure to end, suffer great anguish”
14.26 End (n, temporal)
- telu n. “end (fate), close”
- telúme n. “finish, conclusion, (the great) end”
14.27 to Finish
- ilkarna adj. “unfinished”
- karina adj. “finished”
- tal- n. “to end”
- telu- v. “to finish, end, close, complete; to cover, roof”
14.28 to Cease
- luksima adj. “fleeting, fading, temporary”
14.29 Ready
- manwa adj. “ready”
- manwa- v. “to prepare”
- mar- v. “to get ripe, come to ripeness, get ready, grow up, get mellow”
- marin(a) adj. “ripe, mature”
14.302 Eternal
- voruva adj. “age long”
14.31 Always
- vor(o) adv. “ever, always”
14.35 Again
- #an- pref. “re-”
- ento adv. “next”
14.355 Past, Ago
- ie adv. “ago, †long ago”
- ielúme adv. “long ago”
- luin adv. “ago”
- luina adj. “ago”
- penwa adj. “over, passed, past”
- yú- pref. “ago”
- yúye adv. “long ago”
14.36 Before (temporal)
- enken adv. “then”
- entan adv. “then”
- nóvo adv. “*before”
- tyen adv. “then”
14.37 After
- nó prep. “after (of place), behind; after (only of time); than”
- no¹ adv. “then, next (of time); upon”
- potsi adv. “afterwards”
14.41 Day
- kale n. “day”
- lá² n. “day”
- lú n. “24 hours, day”
- sana n. “day (24 hours)”
14.412 Daily
- kalenda adj. “of the day, opposite to night; daily”
14.42 Night
- lóme (lómi-) n. “dusk, gloom, darkness; shadow, cloud”
- mórilanta n. “nightfall”
- morinda adj. “of the night, nightly”
- móriva adj. “nocturnal”
- morqilea adj. “of the hue of night”
14.43 Dawn
- amunte n. “sun-rise, (lit.) lifting”
- kandóra n. “bright dawn, red sky in morning”
- óre n. “dawn, Sunrise, East”
- órea adj. “of the dawn, Eastern”
- oronte n. “sun-rise”
14.44 Morning
- kále n. “morning”
14.462 Dusk
- maska adj. “dusky, misty”
- maske n. “dusk”
- sunqelaine n. “sunset”
14.47 Today
- et(t)amíne n. “today”
- íne adv. “to-day”
- tamíne n. “today”
14.48 Tomorrow
- ekkala n. “tomorrow morning”
- enwa n. “tomorrow”
- ettui n. “tomorrow night”
- nond(in)a adj. “tomorrow”
- nuo n. “tomorrow”
- nuononda n. “day after tomorrow”
- núora adj. “tomorrow’s, to be; future”
14.49 Yesterday
- die n. “yesterday”
- dienda n. “day before yesterday, (lit.) yesterday’s yesterday”
- diéra adj. “yesterday’s; (mostly in sense) bygone, over, passed”
- yenda adj. “yesterday’s”
- yendiéra n. “day before yesterday, (lit.) yesterday’s yesterday”
- yenye(n) n. “yesterday”
14.61 Week
- kainendan n. “fortnight”
- otsola n. “week”
14.71 Month
- lunde n. “(lunar) month; (lit.) period”
14.72 Names of the Months
- Amillion n. “February”
- Avestalis (Avestaliss-) n. “January”
- Sovalwaris (Solvalwarist-) n. “February”
14.73 Year
- ‽latta n. “year”
- lúmen n. “year, period”
- rin¹ (rind-) n. “year, circle”
- rinkalenda n. “anniversary”
14.74 Winter
- hesin n. “winter”
- yelin n. “winter”
14.75 Spring
- tuile n. “spring, (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green”
- tuilenda adj. “spring-like; fresh, sprouting, green”
- Tuilére n. “Spring”
- welwe n. “spring”
14.76 Summer
- aurinde n. “summer, pleasant warmth”
- austa n. “(high) summer”
- austalende n. “mid-summer’s day”
- avesta² n. “summer”
- saiwali n. “summer”
14.77 Autumn
- lasselanta n. “the Fall, Autumn”
- lintuilindórea adj. “of autumn; when many swallows congregate and sing at dawn”
- Narqelion (Narqeliond-) n. “Autumn”
- paptaqelasta n. “fall, *leaf dying”
14.79 Festival, Holiday
- kalende n. “festival, a special day”
15.
Sense Perception
- 15.11 to Sense, Perceive; Sense
- 15.21 to Smell (subj)
- 15.23 Smell (n, subj)
- 15.24 Smell (n, obj)
- 15.25 Fragrant, Good Smelling
- 15.26 Stinking, Bad Smelling
- 15.31 to Taste (subj)
- 15.33 Taste (n, subj)
- 15.34 Taste (n, obj)
- 15.35 Sweet
- 15.37 Bitter
- 15.38 Sour, Acidic
- 15.41 to Hear
- 15.43 Hearing
- 15.44 Sound
- 15.51 to See
- 15.52 to Look
- 15.53 Sight (subj)
- 15.54 Sight (obj), Look (obj), Appearance
- 15.55 to Show
- 15.56 to Shine, Glisten
- 15.562 Blinking
- 15.57 Bright
- 15.61 Color
- 15.62 Light in Color
- 15.64 White
- 15.65 Black
- 15.66 Red
- 15.67 Blue
- 15.68 Green
- 15.69 Yellow
- 15.71 to Touch
- 15.72 to Feel of
- 15.73 Touch
- 15.74 Hard
- 15.75 Soft
- 15.76 Rough
- 15.77 Smooth
- 15.78 Sharp
- 15.79 Dull, Blunt
- 15.81 Heavy, Weighty
- 15.82 Light, Nimble
- 15.83 Wet, Damp
- 15.84 Dry, Arid
- 15.85 Hot, Warm
- 15.855 to Heat, Be Hot
- 15.86 Cold, Frigid
- 15.87 Pure, Clean
- 15.88 Dirty, Soiled
- 15.89 Sticky; Gum
15.11 to Sense, Perceive; Sense
- laika¹ adj. “keen, sharp”
- senge adj. “keen of sight, observant, sagacious”
- tengwele n. “sense”
- tentima adj. “sensitive”
- tunta- v. “to see, notice, perceive”
- tunto n. “notice, regard, perception; quickness of perception, wit”
15.21 to Smell (subj)
- fausta- v. “to get smell of”
- nuvu- v. “to smell, sniff at”
15.23 Smell (n, subj)
- nupte n. “a sniff”
- nuste n. “sense of smell”
15.24 Smell (n, obj)
- fausta n. “*smell”
- faustima adj. “*odorous, able to be smelled”
- fustúma adj. “*able to be smelled”
- nus (nust-) n. “smell”
15.25 Fragrant, Good Smelling
- nar (nard-) n. “an odour, fragrance”
- narda- v. “to smell sweetly”
- nardile n. “fragrance”
- nardilea adj. “perfumed”
- narwa adj. “fragrant”
15.26 Stinking, Bad Smelling
- olwea adj. “stinking”
- yolme n. “stench, stink”
- yolo- v. “to stink”
15.31 to Taste (subj)
- tyastava- v. “to taste (at)”
- tyava- v. “to taste; (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of”
15.33 Taste (n, subj)
- tyavasta n. “sense of taste”
15.34 Taste (n, obj)
- tyausta n. “savour, flavour”
15.35 Sweet
- líse adj. “sweet”
- lísele n. “sweetness”
- suksa adj. “sweet”
- sutya- v. “to sweeten, soothe”
- sutya adj. “sweet”
- wóre (wóri-) adj. “sweet (to taste only)”
15.37 Bitter
- narte (narti-) adj. “bitter”
- píqa adj. “bitter”
- píqele n. “bitterness”
15.38 Sour, Acidic
- naksa adj. “sour”
15.41 to Hear
- #ten- v. “to hear”
- tunq- v. “to hear”
- tunqa adj. “able to hear”
- tunqele n. “hearing”
- †unqu-² v. “to hear”
15.43 Hearing
- unqie n. “hearing”
15.44 Sound
- hyal- v. “to ring, resound”
- hyalme n. “loud ringing noise”
- salamba adj. “twanging, throbbing, resounding, echoing”
- salambe n. “twanging echo”
15.51 to See
- kili- v. “to see, heed”
- sehta- v. “to see”
- véla v. “to see”
15.52 to Look
- ala¹ interj. “behold, look”
- ene interj. “look (at what you have)!”
- tiri- v. “to watch; to keep, guard, preserve; to look at, gaze at, observe”
- tirinwa adj. “vigilant”
- tiris (tiriss-) n. “watch, vigil, ward”
- yéta- v. “to look at”
15.53 Sight (subj)
- lasta n. “sight”
- lastalaike adj. “sharpsighted”
- sie n. “sight, sense of sight, eyesight; pupil of eye”
- tirne n. “steadfast regard, stare”
- yesta n. “glance, gaze”
15.54 Sight (obj), Look (obj), Appearance
- ilke n. “appearance”
15.55 to Show
- apanta- v. “to open, reveal, show, display”
- apantie n. “display”
15.56 to Shine, Glisten
- alkana- v. “to blaze”
- alkanta- v. “to make shine”
- kala- v. “to shine”
- ninqa- v. “to shine white”
- silda adj. “gleaming”
- sili- v. “to gleam, glint”
- silína adj. “shimmering”
- sint (sinty-) n. “a gleam, spark, glister, drop of dew, etc.”
- tilu- v. “to shine (blue)”
- †tilwin n. “shining light, bright light”
- †tilwínea adj. “shining”
- tini- v. “to gleam, shine as a star”
15.562 Blinking
- #pik- v. “to blink”
- silte- v. “to filter (of light), flicker”
- sintilis (sintiliss-) n. “sparkling as of crystal”
- sinty- v. “to sparkle”
- tilwe n. “glimmer”
- tint n. “(silver) spark”
- tintele n. “sparkling, twinkling (as of frosty stars)”
- tintya- v. “to sparkle, etc.”
- wimpele n. “a twinkling”
- wintele n. “*twinkling”
- winwinoite adj. “glittering”
15.57 Bright
- alkara adj. “brilliant, bright, shining”
- kalasse n. “brilliance, clarity”
- kalke (kalki-) adj. “brilliant”
- kanwa¹ adj. “lurid”
- selka adj. “bright”
15.61 Color
- qile n. “hue, colour”
- -qil(e)a suf. “-hued”
- qilea adj. “coloured, -hued”
- -qilna suf. “-pied”
- qilya- v. “to adorn, embellish, colour”
15.62 Light in Color
- iskane n. “pallor”
- laiwa adj. “pale”
- #níva adj. “pale”
15.64 White
- iska adj. “pale white”
- #lossa adj. “white”
- ninqe (ninqi-) adj. “white”
- ninqeru n. “male personified form of white”
15.65 Black
- morna adj. “black”
15.66 Red
- kanwa² adj. “dark red”
- karmalin(da) n. “russet, orange-red”
- karne adj. “red”
- karneambara adj. “*red-breasted”
- kulmarinda adj. “orange-coloured”
- kulurinda adj. “orange-coloured”
- mirukarne (mirukarni-) adj. “wine-red”
- saqila adj. “fire-red, scarlet”
- senna adj. “red, brown, red-brown”
- varne² adj. “?brown”
- wal(i)na adj. “brown”
15.67 Blue
- helinqila adj. “mauve”
- hyúne adj. “deep blue”
- lúne (lúni-) adj. “blue, deep blue”
- lúnelinqe adj. “flowing; *blue-water”
- nin (nind-) n. “blue (colour), blueness, blue green”
- ninwa adj. “blue”
15.68 Green
- laiqa adj. “green”
- laiqasse n. “greenness”
- sine n. and adj. “pale (bluish) green”
15.69 Yellow
- malina adj. “yellow”
- malwa adj. “pale, yellowish”
15.71 to Touch
- kitya- v. “to tickle”
- kityale n. “tickling”
- kityalea adj. “ticklish, susceptible, sensitive”
- tenya- v. “to feel, touch”
15.72 to Feel of
- tatya- v. “to feel for (like tentacles etc.)”
- tentl n. “a feeler”
15.73 Touch
- tende (tendi-) n. “sense of touch, sense, sensation, feeling”
- tókele n. “handling”
15.74 Hard
- omba adj. “hard (*as stone)”
- ‽rungwa adj. “stiff, solid”
15.75 Soft
- (a)malda adj. “tender, soft, kind, gentle”
- hohye n. “fluff”
- lint (linty-) n. “fluff, down, soft stuff”
- malaqa adj. “soft, yielding, tender (of meat, substances, etc.)”
- malasta adj. “tender”
- moika adj. “soft, gentle”
15.76 Rough
- ráqa adj. “rough”
15.77 Smooth
- lalta- v. “to smooth out; stroke”
- latsina adj. “level, smooth”
- latwa adj. “smooth, glossy”
- lea adj. “smooth, slippery”
- oiwa adj. “glossy”
- oiwie n. “gloss, glossiness”
- saina adj. “smooth”
- silwa adj. “glossy”
15.78 Sharp
- fenqa adj. “keen, cutting”
- kenyeva adj. “sharp (of points)”
- tereva adj. “sharp, piercing, shrill; acute (pain)”
- valkea adj. “cutting, sharp”
15.79 Dull, Blunt
- il(l)aika adj. “blunt”
15.81 Heavy, Weighty
- kumba adj. “burdened, laden”
- kúme n. “pile, heap; load, burden”
- lunga(na)- v. “to sag, bend (down), hang heavy, lean”
- lungo adj. “heavy”
- pulwa adj. “fat, bulky”
- talakúme n. “huge burden, pile”
- talan (taland-) n. “burden”
- talanda adj. “burdened, weighed down, sad”
- talante n. “scales”
- talka² adj. “heavy”
- talta- v. “to lade, burden, load charge; to enjoin; to oppress, weigh down”
15.82 Light, Nimble
- maqale n. “legerdemain, sleight”
- tektamaqa adj. “having a good ‘hand’”
- ‽teren adj. “lissom, lithe”
15.83 Wet, Damp
- liqin(a) adj. “wet”
- nenda adj. “wet”
- nos n. “wetness, damp”
- noswa adj. “damp (of weather)”
- notso n. “damp”
- sihta adj. “moist, wet”
- úqa adj. “wet”
15.84 Dry, Arid
- arqa adj. “arid, parched, dry”
- loima adj. “parched, dry”
- sisin adj. “parched, scorched”
15.85 Hot, Warm
- aurin adj. “warm”
- lúsina adj. “warm, glowing (of things); affectionate, hearty (of people)”
- mure (mury-) n. “heat, close weather”
- murya adj. “close, muggy”
- saiwa adj. “hot”
- torqa adj. “blazing hot”
- torqele n. “tropic heat”
- torwa adj. “baked, dark brown”
- úrin adj. “(blazing) hot”
- waliemba adj. “tropical”
15.855 to Heat, Be Hot
- sahta-¹ v. “it is hot”
- saiwa- v. “?to be hot”
- tiqi- v. “to melt, thaw”
- tiqile n. “melting, thawing, thaw”
- tiqilindea adj. “thawing, slushy”
15.86 Cold, Frigid
- helka adj. “ice-cold”
- ringa adj. “cold, damp, chilly”
- yel (yeld-) n. “cold, the cold”
- yelwa adj. “cold”
15.87 Pure, Clean
- alluva adj. “clean”
- nikte- v. “to whiten, cleanse”
- poika adj. “clean, tidy”
- sauna adj. “clean”
- soile n. “cleansing”
- soina adj. “clean”
- sovallu- v. “to cleanse, purify”
- sovalna- v. “to cleanse, purify”
- sovalwa adj. “cleansing”
15.88 Dirty, Soiled
- muqa adj. “filthy”
- mut (mukt-) n. “dirt, filth”
15.89 Sticky; Gum
- lutl n. “gum, paste, sticky matter”
- suksina adj. “resinous”
- sukte (suksi-) n. “resin, gum”
- ‽sulka adj. “sticky, viscous”
- sutl n. “sticky matter, slime, gum”
- viksa adj. “sticky”
- vikte n. “gum”
- vite (vitsi-) n. “sap, juice”
- vitevíse n. “*resin, gum, (lit.) sap-blood”
16.
Emotion
- 16.11 Soul, Spirit
- 16.12 Feeling, Emotion
- 16.14 Care
- 16.15 Wonder, Astonishment
- 16.17 Fortune (Good or Bad)
- 16.18 Good Fortune
- 16.24 Happy; Happiness
- 16.25 to Laugh
- 16.255 Smile
- 16.26 to Play
- 16.27 to Love; Love
- 16.28 Dear
- 16.29 to Kiss
- 16.31 Pain, Suffering
- 16.315 Torture, Torment
- 16.32 Grief, Sorrow
- 16.33 Anxiety
- 16.34 to Regret, Repent
- 16.37 to Cry, Weep
- 16.38 Tear
- 16.39 to Groan
- 16.41 Hate
- 16.42 Anger
- 16.43 Rage, Fury
- 16.44 Envy, Jealousy
- 16.45 Shame
- 16.46 Honor
- 16.47 Fame, Glory
- 16.48 Proud
- 16.51 to Dare
- 16.52 Brave, Courageous
- 16.53 Fear, Fright
- 16.55 Timid, Cowardly
- 16.61 to Will, Wish
- 16.62 to Desire
- 16.622 Desire
- 16.65 Faithful
- 16.66 True
- 16.67 Lie, Falsehood
- 16.68 Deceit
- 16.71 Good
- 16.72 Bad
- 16.73 Right
- 16.74 Wrong
- 16.75 Sin, Impiety
- 16.76 Fault, Guilt
- 16.79 Praise
- 16.81 Beautiful
- 16.99 Emotion (other)
16.11 Soul, Spirit
- manimo n. “holy soul”
- olme² (olmi-) n. “emanation; apparition, spirit”
- vilisse n. “spirit”
16.12 Feeling, Emotion
- tendile n. “feeling, sentiment”
- tendilea adj. “feeling; sentimental”
16.14 Care
- linda¹ adj. “gentle, kind; soft”
- linta- v. “to soothe”
16.15 Wonder, Astonishment
- elmenda n. “wonder, wonderment”
16.17 Fortune (Good or Bad)
- ambar¹ (ambart-) n. “fate, lot”
- ambarta adj. “fated”
- engetor n. “fate, hap, luck”
- lanq- v. “to get by lot or luck, find”
- lanqa n. “piece of fortune, lot, luck, happen, hap”
- mart n. “a piece of luck”
- marto n. “fortune, fate, lot, luck”
16.18 Good Fortune
- #val (vald-) n. “good fortune, blessedness, happiness”
- valto n. “the luck of the Valar”
16.24 Happy; Happiness
- valin (valim-) adj. “happy”
16.25 to Laugh
- kaka- v. “to laugh”
- kankale n. “laughter”
- katl n. “chuckle”
- #mírien n. “mirth”
- mirmile n. “ripple of laughter”
16.255 Smile
- mire n. “smile”
- mírea adj. “smiling”
- miri- v. “to smile”
- mirilla n. “faint smile”
- mirt (mirty-) n. “grin”
- mirtya- v. “to grin”
16.26 to Play
- toli n. “doll, puppet”
- tolipin (tolipind-) n. “mannikin”
- tolipinke n. “little doll”
- tyalie n. “play, game”
- tyalien (tyaliend-) n. “sport, play; jest, mockery”
- tyalu- v. “to play”
16.27 to Love; Love
- mel- v. “to love”
- meles(se) (meless-) n. “love”
- melie n. “*love, loving”
16.28 Dear
- melin (melind-) adj. “dear, beloved”
- melitsa adj. “beloved, favourite”
- melitse n. “darling, sweetheart”
- santa adj. “dear, beloved”
16.29 to Kiss
- miq- v. “to kiss”
- miqe n. “kiss”
- miqele n. “kissing”
- miqilitse n. “little or tender kiss”
16.31 Pain, Suffering
- itisin adj. “itching”
- itisya- v. “to itch, irritate”
- kuo n. “a pain”
- maldor n. “agony”
- malka adj. “giving pain, hurtful”
- naike¹ (naiki-) n. “pain”
- naikele n. “anguish”
- naikelea adj. “agonizing”
- naiqa adj. “painful”
- naira adj. “dire, grievous”
- narwe² n. “pain”
- ongo- v. “it pains me (imp.)”
- ongwe n. “pain”
16.315 Torture, Torment
- angaisin(i)e n. “torment”
- angaitya- v. “to torment”
- malkane n. “torture”
- naista- v. “to oppress, cause great grief to”
- valkane¹ n. “torture”
16.32 Grief, Sorrow
- angayanda adj. “miserable”
- angayasse n. “misery”
- naya- v. “it grieves (impers.)”
- nyéna- v. “to lament”
- nyenyele n. “lament, lamentation, weeping”
- nyére n. “grief”
- otoke n. “wailing, beating of breasts”
- piqis(se) n. “grief”
16.33 Anxiety
- nur (nurr-) n. “growl, complaint”
- qárele n. “watchfulness, anxiety”
16.34 to Regret, Repent
- oista- v. “to bereave”
- oito- v. “to lack”
16.37 to Cry, Weep
- maule n. “crying, weeping”
- mauya- v. “to cry”
- nyenye n. “weeping”
- #qaina adj. “wailing”
- siqi- v. “to sigh”
- siqile n. “sighing, lament”
16.38 Tear
- nie n. “tear”
- nienaite adj. “tearful”
16.39 to Groan
- #karka- v. “to snarl”
- nurru n. “growl”
- núru- v. “to growl (of dogs), grumble, carp”
16.41 Hate
- atempa n. “(strong) dislike”
- hari- v. “to hate”
- mok- v. “to hate”
- nasa- v. “to mislike, taste nasty (impers.); to dislike”
- náse n. “loathing”
- násea adj. “loathsome”
- sanka² n. “hate, fierce hatred”
- sanke adj. “hateful”
- tempe n. “hate”
- teve- v. “to hate, dislike”
- tévie n. “hatred, dislike”
- tevin adj. “hated”
16.42 Anger
- narka¹ adj. “snappy, ill-tempered”
- ravin adj. “fierce, savage (of beasts)”
16.43 Rage, Fury
- kalimbarie adj. “barbarity”
- kalimbo n. “a savage, uncivilized man, barbarian; monster, giant, troll, goblin”
16.44 Envy, Jealousy
- navillo n. “whisper, hint, suspicion, rumour, malicious comment, innuendo”
16.45 Shame
- naitya- v. “to damage, hurt; to put to shame, abuse”
- nanqete n. “speaking down the nose”
- nark n. “spiteful remark, snap of a dog”
- pea n. “scorn”
- retima adj. “despicable, contemptible”
16.46 Honor
- aista n. “honour, reverence”
- karda- v. “to admire, have affection or respect for”
16.47 Fame, Glory
- alkar¹ n. “glory”
16.48 Proud
- turqima adj. “haughty”
16.51 to Dare
- nolo- v. “to dare”
16.52 Brave, Courageous
- nereaine n. “stoutness of heart”
- nolme n. “audacity”
- nolmenoite adj. “audacious”
- noloite adj. “daring”
- nolwa adj. “bold, brave”
- vika adj. “valiant”
16.53 Fear, Fright
- ‽kapta-¹ v. “to startle”
- oswe² n. “terror, horror; (evil) phantom, ghost”
- varka n. “fear, dread”
- #varka- v. “to bode (impersonal); to dread, fear”
- varkima adj. “dreadful”
- varqa adj. “in fear, afraid”
16.55 Timid, Cowardly
- kaure n. “timidity, fear”
- kaurea adj. “timid”
- nyenya adj. “querulous, tearful, plaintive”
16.61 to Will, Wish
- irya n. “wish”
- naike² adv. “would [that]”
16.62 to Desire
- maivoita- v. “to long exceedingly after”
16.622 Desire
- maivoine n. “great longing”
- voine n. “desire, wish”
16.65 Faithful
- rú² n. “steadfastness, faith, trustiness”
- tulunka adj. “steady, firm”
- voronda adj. “faithful”
16.66 True
- kaina¹ adj. “done, actual, real”
- ná interj. “so, yes (it is)”
- nea adv. “it is, yes”
16.67 Lie, Falsehood
- furu n. “lie”
16.68 Deceit
- fint n. “a trick, notion”
16.71 Good
- ais (aist-) n. “good name”
- ausi- pref. “well”
- mal adv. “better, best”
- malda¹ adj. “better, best”
- mande adv. “well”
- mára¹ adj. “mighty, power[ful], doughty; good, excellent, useful (of things)”
- vande² adv. “well”
16.72 Bad
- faika² adj. “bad, worthless, useless”
- fel adv. “worse, worst”
- felda adj. “worse, worst”
- naswa adj. “nasty”
- qarda adj. “bad”
- qarka adj. “perverse, naughty”
16.73 Right
- mane (mani-) adj. “good (moral)”
- manya² adj. “good (not evil)”
16.74 Wrong
- perqa adj. “wrong”
- ulka adj. “evil; bad, wicked, wrong”
- vilkin adj. “bitter, evil”
16.75 Sin, Impiety
- kurdu n. “sin, wickedness, evil”
- ulkarma n. “misdeed”
16.76 Fault, Guilt
- káma n. “guilt, responsibility”
16.79 Praise
- kawa- v. “to bow, make obeisance”
- olta-¹ v. “to magnify, extol, praise”
16.81 Beautiful
- kalwa adj. “fair, beautiful”
- mailina adj. “beautiful”
- melwa adj. “lovely, fair”
- tekse n. “attraction”
- telya adj. “attractive; importunate”
- telyanta- v. “to allure”
- telyantalya adj. “alluring”
- telyantasse n. “allurement”
- teta- v. “to attract (physical and figurative)”
- vane (vani-) adj. “fair, lovely”
- vanéni n. “beauty”
- vanesse n. “beauty”
- vanest(e)a adj. “beauteous”
- vanima adj. “proper, right, as it should be, fair”
- vanta adj. “?beautiful”
16.99 Emotion (other)
- maika adj. “cruel”
- paimene n. “vindictiveness, vengefulness, cruelty”
- ulird(e)a adj. “pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels”
- valka¹ adj. “cruel, bitter”
17.
Mind and Thought
- 17.11 Mind
- 17.12 Reason, Intelligence
- 17.13 to Think, Reflect
- 17.151 Guess, Suppose
- 17.17 to Know
- 17.171 Knowledge, Science
- 17.172 Omniscient
- 17.18 to Seem
- 17.19 Idea, Notion
- 17.21 Wise
- 17.22 Stupid, Foolish
- 17.31 to Remember
- 17.32 to Forget
- 17.33 Meaning
- 17.34 Clear, Plain (to the Mind)
- 17.35 Obscure
- 17.36 Secret
- 17.37 Sure, Certain
- 17.39 to Solve
- 17.41 Purpose, Intention
- 17.42 Cause, Reason
17.11 Mind
- â n. “mind, inner thought”
- áma n. “mind, heart, thought”
17.12 Reason, Intelligence
- finie n. “cunning”
- finwa adj. “acute, sagacious”
- isqale n. “cleverness”
- isqalea adj. “clever”
- karpalima adj. “tricky, clever, willy”
- tunke (tunki-) adj. “bright, witty, smart”
17.13 to Think, Reflect
- enye- v. “to think out, plan, devise”
17.151 Guess, Suppose
- intya ? “[unglossed]”
- ki particle. “may; particle of uncertainty”
- mai² adv. “if; do?”
- nai particle. “remoter possibility, might”
- naus (naust-) n. “suspicion”
- nauta- v. “to guess”
17.17 to Know
- ista- v. “to know”
- tenge- v. “to know, understand, grasp, think”
17.171 Knowledge, Science
- isse n. “knowledge, lore”
- nóleme n. “deep lore, wisdom”
17.172 Omniscient
- omanaste n. “omnipresence”
- omo- pref. “omni-”
- omohére n. and adj. “omnipotence; almighty”
- omotengwe n. “omniscience”
17.18 to Seem
- ilk- v. “to seem”
- inye- v. “to imitate, make like”
- sestaine n. “assimilation, imitation, etc.”
- soveasse n. “resemblance; likelihood”
- vealta- v. “to resemble”
- víkele n. “resemblance, comparison”
17.19 Idea, Notion
- akta n. “notion”
- ent n. “notion, plan, idea”
- tengwe n. “knowledge, understanding; idea, notion, thought”
- tengwet(ta) n. “idea, notion”
17.21 Wise
- isqa adj. “wise”
- istaléra adj. “*knowledgeable, wise”
- náve n. “shrewdness, sagacity, perspicacity”
- saile n. “[unglossed]”
- tengenwa adj. “wise, knowing, understanding; sensible”
17.22 Stupid, Foolish
- auk n. “fool, clumsy fellow”
- laminya adj. “animal-like, beastly, stupid”
17.31 to Remember
- minti n. “memory, remembrance, mindfulness”
- minty- v. “to remind; (impers.) it reminds me = I remember”
- mintya adj. “reminding, ‘memoryful’”
17.32 to Forget
- fanórea adj. “absent-minded”
- fanóriva adj. “absent-minded”
17.33 Meaning
- panin adj. “definite, planned, concerted, deliberate, prepense, meant”
17.34 Clear, Plain (to the Mind)
- liqilta adj. “pellucid”
- liqis (liqist-) n. “clarity, transparence, limpidity”
- liqistea adj. “transparent”
- nauma n. “hint, clue”
17.35 Obscure
- morwa adj. “unclear, secret”
- valkane² adj. “vague”
17.36 Secret
- fóle n. “stealth, a secret, secrecy”
- fólima adj. “secretive”
- lomba adj. “secret”
- pilukka adj. “secret, stealthy”
17.37 Sure, Certain
- tanka¹ adj. “firm, fixed, fast; steady, (stead)fast”
- tanko adv. “firmly”
17.39 to Solve
- sinte (sinti-) n. “esteem; estimate, computation”
- tasta- v. “to reckon”
17.41 Purpose, Intention
- mekte- v. “to aim at”
- met (mekt-) n. “mark, aim, object”
- #núsima adj. “*inclined”
17.42 Cause, Reason
- ka- pref. “cause”
- kasta n. “cause, motive, ultimate reason”
- qelume n. “source, origin”
- qeluva adj. “original”
18.
Language and Music
- 18.11 Voice
- 18.12 to Sing
- 18.13 to Shout, Cry Out
- 18.14 Various Cries
- 18.21 to Speak, Talk
- 18.22 to Say
- 18.23 to be Silent
- 18.24 Language
- 18.25 Dialect
- 18.26 Word
- 18.28 Name
- 18.31 to Question, Inquire
- 18.35 to Ask, Request
- 18.42 to Call, Name
- 18.51 to Write
- 18.53 Letter of the Alphabet
- 18.55 Tablet
- 18.56 Paper
- 18.57 Pen
- 18.58 Ink
- 18.61 Book
- 18.62 Page
- 18.65 Literature
- 18.66 Author, Writer
- 18.67 Poet
- 18.68 Tale, Story
- 18.69 Music
- 18.71 Pipe, Flute
- 18.72 Harp, Lute
- 18.73 Bell, Ringing
- 18.74 Drum
18.11 Voice
- óma n. “voice”
18.12 to Sing
- #linda² adj. “singing”
- lindea adj. “singing, *musical”
- #lindo n. “singer”
- lindórea adj. “singing at dawn (esp. of birds)”
- liri- v. “to sing”
- lirilla n. “lay, song”
- nala- v. “to sing or ring”
18.13 to Shout, Cry Out
- holle n. “shout”
- holtȯ- v. “to call out”
- húta- v. “to whoop”
- ohta- v. “to shout”
- rama- v. “to shout, sound loud, bray, blare”
- rambe¹ n. “shout, blare”
- yama- v. “to shout, call”
- yáma n. “shout; call; name”
- yambo n. “cheer, shout of triumph”
18.14 Various Cries
- ai interj. “o!, ha!”
- alayambo interj. “hurrah!”
- áye interj. “hail”
- ea interj. “a cry of pain or woe”
- iki interj. “look! (what I have)”
- mesta n. “bye”
18.21 to Speak, Talk
- hulále n. “babble, chatter, conversation”
- lala- v. “to chatter, babble”
- lalar (lalard-) n. “babbler”
- nyata- v. “to talk idly”
- nyatl n. “idle talk, gossip”
- paiyan n. “oration”
- qet- v. “to speak, talk”
18.22 to Say
- nyara- v. “to relate, tell”
- qentea adj. “verbal”
- qets(im)a adj. “having speech, able to talk, good at expression, glib”
18.23 to be Silent
- tá² interj. “hush, be silent”
18.24 Language
- -issa suf. “language”
- lambe n. “tongue of body but also occasionally of land or even = speech”
- qetl n. “speech, talk”
- -qet(se) suf. “language”
- -rin suf. “noun suffix”
18.25 Dialect
- eldaqet n. “language of the Eldar”
- eldaqetse adv. “in the language of the Eldar”
- Eldarissa n. “Language of the Eldar”
- eldarisse adv. “in the language of the Eldar”
- Noldorissa n. “Language of the Noldoli”
18.26 Word
- qent n. “word”
- qentele n. “sentence; wording, expression, phrase”
- qetta n. “word”
18.28 Name
- en(we) (emb-) n. “name”
18.31 to Question, Inquire
- ma² adv. “*interrogative particle”
- man pron. “who”
18.35 to Ask, Request
- iqista n. “a request; if you please, please”
- iqisya- v. “to ask for, request”
18.42 to Call, Name
- en- v. “to be called”
- enna adj. “by name, named, called”
18.51 to Write
- sar- v. “to write”
- teke- v. “to mark; to write on, write”
- tekta- v. “to write”
18.53 Letter of the Alphabet
- teket (tekett-) n. “letter”
- tet (tekt-) n. “spot, mark”
18.55 Tablet
- tulma n. “bier, tray”
18.56 Paper
- hyalin n. “paper”
18.57 Pen
- nekka n. “pen”
- tenka n. “pen”
18.58 Ink
- móro n. “ink”
- saramór n. “*writing-ink”
18.61 Book
- parma n. “skin, bark; parchment; book, writings”
- tekka n. “book”
- tekte (teksi-) n. “book”
18.62 Page
- patl n. “leaf (esp. of book)”
18.65 Literature
- tektele n. “art of writing, script; writings, documents, papers, scriptures”
18.66 Author, Writer
- tektar n. “writer”
18.67 Poet
- lirit(ta) n. “poem, lay, written poem”
18.68 Tale, Story
- eldanyanda n. “*fairy tale”
- nyanda n. “nursery story or rhyme”
- nyar (nyard-) n. “tale, saying”
- nyara n. “tale”
- nyarie n. “fable, story, legend”
- qentima n. “*tale”
18.69 Music
- lin¹ (lind-) n. “melody, air, tune, musical voice”
- lindele n. “music, song”
- lindelea adj. “melodious”
- lindelin n. “melody, tune”
18.71 Pipe, Flute
- polisimpe n. “shepherd’s pipe, Pan-pipes”
- simpeta- v. “*to pipe”
- simpetar n. “piper”
- simp(in)a n. “pipe, flute, flageolet”
- simpise n. “piping, whistling”
- sipi- v. “to pipe”
- timpinen (timpinend-) n. “fluter”
18.72 Harp, Lute
- kantala- v. “?to harp”
- kantele n. “harping; repetition”
- kantl n. “(large) harp”
- linga- v. “to hum like the string of a harp”
- qingi- v. “to twang, thrum (of strings, harps, etc.)”
- qintl n. “lyre”
- salaqíne n. “violin, (lit.) thrumsqueak-er”
- salma n. “lyre, small harp”
- salme n. “harp-playing, music of lyres”
- salqin n. “viola”
- salumbe n. “harping, music”
18.73 Bell, Ringing
- kalon (kalong-) n. “(large) bell”
- kalongalan (kalongaland-) n. “ringing or jangling of (large) bells”
- kalonya- v. “to ring, peal”
- kilin n. “bell”
- kilinke v. “small bell”
- kilinkele n. “jingling of (small) bells”
- kilintya- v. “to ring, tinkle”
- nalie n. “playing of tunes, ringing of bells”
- yalle n. “a hollow ring”
18.74 Drum
- lapumba n. “drum”
- tombo n. “gong”
- tompa n. “small drum”
- tompo- v. “to bang”
- tontilla n. “cymbal”
- tontl n. “cymbal, tambourine”
19.
Social Relations
- 19.13 Country (vs. Town)
- 19.14 Region, Territory
- 19.15 Town, City
- 19.16 Village
- 19.17 Boundary
- 19.21 People, Populace
- 19.22 a People, Nation
- 19.23 Tribe, Clan, Family
- 19.31 to Rule, Govern
- 19.32 King
- 19.33 Queen
- 19.35 Prince
- 19.352 Other Titles of Nobility
- 19.36 Noble, Nobleman
- 19.41 Master
- 19.412 Lady
- 19.42 Slave
- 19.43 Servant
- 19.44 Free
- 19.45 to Order, Command
- 19.46 to Obey
- 19.54 Neighbor
- 19.55 Stranger
- 19.58 to Help, Aid
- 19.61 Custom, Usage
- 19.62 Strife, Quarrel
19.13 Country (vs. Town)
- arean (areand-) n. “wilderness, deserted place”
- rimu n. “outskirts”
19.14 Region, Territory
- lar n. “region, place”
19.15 Town, City
- irin n. “town”
- ostar n. “township”
- pelle n. “town”
- tirios (tiriost-) n. “town or city with walls and towers, burg”
- -uran(do) suf. “town”
19.16 Village
- hos(t) (host-) n. “dwelling, hamlet”
- masto n. “village”
- rú¹ n. “dwelling, village, hamlet”
- ruella n. “village”
- wasto n. “village”
19.17 Boundary
- peler n. “fence”
- pelin adj. “fenced in, pent”
- pelma n. “pen”
- rípe n. “line, margin, bank of stream, edging of grass, border”
- tanda¹ n. “hedge, fence, enclosure; border, rim”
- tar (tár-) n. “hedge, fence”
19.21 People, Populace
- hos(se) (host-) n. “folk, people, tribe”
- laulemuine n. “people of the neighborhood, population”
- lie n. “people, folk”
- liende n. “the folk, people”
19.22 a People, Nation
- nóre (nóri-) n. “(native) land, nation, family, country”
- túrin n. “king(dom)”
19.23 Tribe, Clan, Family
- ettele n. “family, kindred (in the wide sense)”
- hostar¹ n. “tribe”
- nosse n. “folk, kin, people”
- renda adj. “related, of the same kin or clan”
- rendi n. “*kinship, kin, kindred, clan”
- resta n. “support; kinship, kin, kindred, clan”
- sura n. “a clan”
- vihta n. “*folk”
19.31 to Rule, Govern
- heru- v. “to rule”
- maksilistea adj. “powerful, having possession of or authority over”
- maksima adj. “powerful, having possession of or authority over”
- malkasta n. “lordship, province”
- turinya- v. “to rule over, reign over”
- vard- v. “to rule, govern”
- warda- v. “to rule”
19.32 King
- tur (tûr-) n. “king”
- túranu n. “king”
- turinda adj. “royal, of the ruling dynasty; in power”
- turinwa adj. “kingly, royal”
- vardar n. “king”
19.33 Queen
- tári n. “queen, mistress, lady”
- túrani n. “queen”
- turinqi n. “queen”
- turinqia adj. “royal, Queenly”
- turqin (turqim-) n. “queen”
- varni n. “queen”
19.35 Prince
- turillo n. “prince”
- turwen n. “princess”
- vardo n. “prince”
19.352 Other Titles of Nobility
- hére n. “lordship”
- heritse n. “an Inwe”
19.36 Noble, Nobleman
- malkuvoite adj. “lordly, noble”
19.41 Master
- heru n. “lord”
- maksilis (maksilist-) n. “lordship”
- malko (malku-) n. “lord, sir”
19.412 Lady
- heri n. “lady”
- heruni n. “lady”
19.42 Slave
- norka n. “slave, thrall, servant”
19.43 Servant
- vartyane n. “service”
- virt (virty-) n. “servant, slave”
- virti- v. “to serve”
19.44 Free
- anarie n. “liberality”
- faika¹ adj. “free”
- faino n. “freeman”
- faire (fairi-) adj. “free”
- fairie n. “freedom”
- faldi adj. “free, open, wide”
19.45 to Order, Command
- peanta- v. “to give into one’s hands, give instructions to, enjoin”
19.46 to Obey
- kim- v. “to heed”
19.54 Neighbor
- rim- v. “to border on, lie at edge, neighbour”
- rímenoite adj. “neighboring, bordering”
19.55 Stranger
- varimo n. “foreigner”
- varitsi n. “foreigner (fem.)”
- varivoite adj. “foreign”
- varne¹ n. “strangeness, estrangement”
- varyani n. “foreigner (fem.)”
- varyanu n. “foreigner”
19.58 to Help, Aid
- penanwa adj. “present, standing by, supporting, backing”
- penasta n. “being near at hand, support, backing”
- sulta- v. “to support”
- tiusima adj. “comforting, consoling, easing”
- tiuta- v. “to strengthen; to corroborate, confirm; to comfort, console”
- tiutale n. “strengthening, reinforcement; confirmation; comfort, consolation, easement”
- tulpie n. “supporting, toleration”
- tulpu- v. “to uphold, support; to aid; to endure, tolerate; to bear (with); to prop”
19.61 Custom, Usage
- sito (situ-) n. “custom, habit”
- sitsina adj. “habitual, customary, accustomed, usual, ordinary, common”
- sitta- v. “I am used to, I do habitually”
- situ- v. “to be accustomed [to]”
19.62 Strife, Quarrel
- kos (kost-) n. “quarrel, dispute, the matter disputed, legal action”
- kosima adj. “debatable”
- kosta- v. “to debate, dispute”
- nara n. “strife”
- nara- v. “to snap, quarrel”
20.
Warfare and Hunting
20.13 War
- kor (kos-) n. “war”
- ohta n. “war”
- ohta·karo n. “warlike deed, hostile unfriendly act(ion)”
20.14 Peace
- kalaine n. “serenity, serene”
- kalain(e)a adj. “serene”
- ruin n. “peace”
20.15 Army
- hosse¹ n. “army, band, troop”
20.17 Soldier
- kondor n. “warrior”
- kondorie n. “martial ardour”
- kosar (kosard-) n. “soldier”
- mahtar n. “soldier”
- mordo n. “warrior, hero”
- ohtar (ohtard-) n. “warrior”
20.23 Sling
- toloime n. “sling”
20.24 Bow
- kúne n. “crescent, bow, arch”
- qinga n. “bow”
20.25 Arrow
- pilin (pilind-) n. “feather; arrow”
- pilna n. “arrow”
- qasil n. “arrow, arrow-feather”
- vainole n. “quiver”
20.26 Spear
- elk n. “spear”
- eska n. “spear, spike”
20.27 Sword
- ehta² n. “sword-point”
- ehtar (ehtard-) n. “swordsman, warrior; sword”
- eksiqilta n. “swordbelt”
- ektar¹ (ektard-) n. “swordsman”
- ekte (eksi-) n. “sword”
- falqan n. “large sword”
- ^macilquilta n. “swordbelt”
- makil n. “sword, broadsword”
- makillar (makillard-) n. “swordsman”
- naiqe n. “?sword”
20.32 Corslet, Breastplate
- ambasse n. “breast-plate, hauberk, byrne, cuirass”
20.33 Helmet
- kalla n. “helmet”
- kasien (kasiend-) n. “helmet”
- kasientule adj. “with helm on”
- kasqar(in) n. “helmet”
- tolma n. “helm”
20.34 Shield
- alkar² n. “shield”
- tolmen n. “boss (of shield), isolated round hill”
20.35 Fortress
- malkor n. “castle”
20.36 Tower
- hosta¹ n. “walled tower”
- mindon n. “turret, tower”
- tirin (tirind-) n. “tall tower, turret, minaret”
- tirion (tiriond-) n. “(great or mighty) tower; city on a hill”
20.41 Victory
- apaika adj. “conquering”
- apaire n. “victory, conquest, reduction”
- apaitya- v. “to conquer”
- vaqa- v. “vanquish”
- vaqasta n. “a victory”
- vaqi(e) n. “victory”
20.48 Spoils, Booty
- rambe² n. “prey, booty”
- rauna n. “prey, booty”
21.
Law and Judgment
21.36 Innocent
- naustavilte v. “free from suspicion, *innocent”
21.37 Penalty, Punishment
- paime n. “vengeance taken, punishment, penalty, infliction”
- paimesta n. “chastisement”
- paimeta- v. “to exact or inflict a penalty, punish”
21.44 Rape, Violation
- amapta- v. “to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly”
- mapta n. “ravishment, seizure, (usually =) rape”
- maptale n. “seizure; robbery by violence; rape, ravishment, forcible seizure and carrying off”
- maptalesse n. “rapine”
21.45 Theft
- maptale-lehesta n. “(robbing) raid”
- nak (naq-) n. “anything stolen, a theft, a trick”
- pilwe n. “robbery, theft”
22.
Religion and Beliefs
- 22.12 God
- 22.13 Temple
- 22.16 to Worship
- 22.182 Parson, Minister, Clergyman etc.
- 22.183 Monk
- 22.184 Nun
- 22.19 Holy, Sacred
- 22.22 to Preach
- 22.23 to Bless
- 22.31 Heaven
- 22.32 Hell
- 22.33 Angel
- 22.35 Demon, Evil Spirit
- 22.37 Idol
- 22.42 Magic, Witchcraft, Sorcery
- 22.43 Witch, Sorceress
- 22.431 Sorcerer, Wizard
- 22.44 Elf, Fairy
- 22.441 Dryad, Nymph
- 22.442 Dwarf
- 22.445 Goblin, Monster
- 22.446 Orc, Goblin
- 22.447 Dragon
- 22.45 Ghost, Specter, Phantom
- 22.46 Guardian Spirit
- 22.47 Omen
- 22.99 Religion and Belief (other)
22.12 God
- Aini n. “(pagan) goddess”
- Ainu n. “a (pagan) God”
- Enu n. “God Almighty, Almighty Creator”
- Vala n. “God”
- Valis n. “female god”
- valma adj. “powerful”
- Valon n. “male god”
22.13 Temple
- ainar (ainast-) n. “temple [body part]”
- alkar(in) n. “temple, shrine”
- korda n. “temple”
22.16 to Worship
- aistale n. “worship”
- aistalea adj. “worshipful”
22.182 Parson, Minister, Clergyman etc.
- evandl n. “Christian missionary”
22.183 Monk
- aimo n. “saint (m.)”
- anusta n. “monastery”
- anustar n. “monk”
22.184 Nun
- aire¹ n. “saint (f.)”
- qindelis n. “nun”
- qindesta n. “convent”
- qindestin n. “nun”
22.19 Holy, Sacred
- aina adj. “holy, revered, worshipful”
- aira adj. “holy, worshipful”
- vanya adj. “good (not evil), holy”
22.22 to Preach
- evandilyon n. “gospel”
- velupantie n. “revelation”
22.23 to Bless
- lis (list-) n. “grace, blessing”
- listea adj. “full of grace, blessed”
- listevoite adj. “full of grace, blessed”
- listya- v. “to bless”
- salistina adj. “blessed”
- salistya- v. “to bless”
22.31 Heaven
- iluin(do) (iluind-) n. “dwelling beyond the stars for the blessed”
- ilumar (ilumas-) n. “dwelling beyond the stars for the blessed”
- †valmandui n. “heaven and hell”
22.32 Hell
- mandu n. “hell; abyss”
22.33 Angel
- kalmar (kalmarn-) n. “child of light”
22.35 Demon, Evil Spirit
- (a)rauke n. “demon, fiend”
22.37 Idol
- kordon n. “idol”
22.42 Magic, Witchcraft, Sorcery
- felu n. “bad magic”
- kuru n. “magic, wizardry”
- luhtu n. “magic, spell”
- sairina adj. “magic”
- ‽sairu adj. “magical”
22.43 Witch, Sorceress
- felusi n. “witch”
- kuruni n. “witch”
22.431 Sorcerer, Wizard
- kuruvar (kuruvard-) n. “wizard”
22.44 Elf, Fairy
- Elda n. “Elf; beach-fay”
- Eldalie n. “People of the Elves, Elf-folk”
- Eldarin adj. “Elfin”
- inwilitse n. “little fairy”
- Noldorinwa adj. “Goblin; Gnomish”
- noldova adj. “belonging to gnomes”
- noldovike adj. “like a gnome, after the gnomes’ way”
- Qen (Qend-) n. “Elf”
- Qenya n. “Elvish”
- Qenyarin n. “*Elvish”
- telella adj. “elfin”
- telerea adj. “elfin”
- teleste (telesti-) n. “(f.) little elf”
- telesto (telestu-) n. “(m.) little elf”
22.441 Dryad, Nymph
- falmarin n. “sea-fay (male), spirit of the sea foam”
- nandin n. “dryad”
- nermi n. “field spirit, fay of the meads”
- oar (oarn-) n. “child of the sea, merchild”
- oaris (oarits-) n. “mermaid, merchild”
- oarwen n. “mermaid, merchild”
- #oroman n. “wood-spirit”
- ówen n. “merchild, mermaid”
- tavar (tavarn-) n. “dale-sprite, fay of the woods; forest”
- wingil (wingild-) n. “(sea) nymph; (lit.) foam-maiden”
22.442 Dwarf
- nauka n. “dwarf”
22.445 Goblin, Monster
- fandelu n. “monster”
- fandelúva adj. “monstrous”
- fandelúvie n. “monstrosity, immoderation, violence, barbarity, grossness”
- fandor (fandos-) n. “monster”
- nauva n. “giant”
- ulban (ulband-) n. “monster, giant”
- ulbanima adj. “monstrous”
- úvanimo n. “monster”
22.446 Orc, Goblin
- ork n. “ogre, monster, demon, giant”
- orqin(di) n. “ogress”
22.447 Dragon
- fent n. “serpent, dragon”
- fenume n. “dragon”
- foalóke n. “*serpent that guarded a treasure”
- kondasse n. “dragon’s lair”
- kondo n. “dragon”
22.45 Ghost, Specter, Phantom
- #qímar n. “phantom”
22.46 Guardian Spirit
- máne n. “spirit of the air”
22.47 Omen
- fando n. “portent, omen”
22.99 Religion and Belief (other)
- aimaksin (aimaksi-) n. “martyr (f.)”
- aimaktu n. “martyr (m.)”
- (ana)tarwesta n. “crucifix(ion)”
23.
Grammar
23.1 Article
- i¹ article. “the”
- -(u)ma suf. “a, an; some, certain”
- -we suf. “a, an”
23.2 Negation
- al- pref. “form of the negative particle”
- il- pref. “un-; negative prefix”
- múna prep. “?without”
- ú- pref. “un-”
- ul- pref. “negative prefix; mis-”
- um- v. “to be not, do not”
- úya- v. “is not”
- -vilte (-vilti-) suf. “-less”
23.3 Preposition
- enqe¹ prep. “without”
- me² prep. “?with, in(to), on”
- na prep. “for”
- se prep. “as, like, in manner of”
- ve prep. “as, like”
23.4 Pronoun
- a pron. “it”
- atta² pron. “they (emphatic); 3rd sg. neut. pronoun”
- en pron. and adv. “that by you; thereupon”
- ena pron. “that by you”
- enke pron. “that by you (emphatic)”
- enqi pron. “this (emphatic)”
- enta pron. “that there (emphatic)”
- ha pron. “it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun”
- ha- pref. “*its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive”
- (h)áva adj. “*its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive emphatic”
- hea pron. “it (emphatic); 3rd sg. neut. pronoun”
- hi pron. “she; 3rd sg. fem. pronoun”
- hie pron. “she (emphatic); 3rd sg. fem. pronoun”
- (h)íva adj. “*her; 3rd sg. fem. possessive emphatic”
- hu pron. “he; 3rd sg. masc. pronoun”
- (h)úva adj. “*his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive emphatic”
- húyo pron. “he (emphatic); 3rd sg. masc. pronoun”
- hwa- pref. “his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive”
- hya-¹ pref. “*her; 3rd sg. fem. possessive”
- i² pron. “*those, whom”
- ike (iki-) adj. “this”
- iksa adj. “reflexive 3rd sg. adj.”
- ikso pron. “reflexive 3rd sg.”
- ilka adj. “reflexive 3rd sg. pl. adj.”
- ilko pron. “reflexive 3rd sg. pl.”
- ke¹ pron. “you; 2nd sg. pronoun”
- kéto pron. “you (emphatic); 2nd sg. pronoun”
- ketya adj. “*your; 2nd sg. possessive emphatic”
- ku pron. “dual 1(b)”
- le¹ pron. “you (plural)”
- lea- pref. “*your; 2nd pl. possessive”
- lelko pron. “you (emphatic); 2nd pl. pronoun”
- lelya adj. “*your; 2nd pl. possessive emphatic”
- lu pron. “dual 2”
- me¹ pron. “we; 1st pl. exclusive pronoun”
- mea- pref. “*our; 1st pl. exclusive possessive”
- melmo pron. “we (emphatic); 1st pl. exclusive pronoun”
- menya adj. “*our; 1st pl. exclusive possessive emphatic”
- mu pron. “dual 1(a)”
- ni¹ pron. “I; 1st sg. pronoun”
- nímo pron. “I (emphatic); 1st sg. pronoun”
- ninya¹ adj. “*my; 1st sg. possessive emphatic”
- nya- pref. “*my; 1st sg. possessive”
- qe¹ pron. “we (inclusive)”
- qe² pron. “any”
- qea- pref. “*our; 1st pl. inclusive possessive”
- qelmo pron. “we (emphatic); 1st pl. inclusive pronoun”
- qenya adj. “*our; 1st pl. exclusive possessive emphatic”
- qi adj. “this”
- qinda adj. “this”
- qinqe n. “this”
- sa pron. “that (there)”
- sanda adj. “that”
- santo pron. “that”
- si¹ pron. “they; 3rd pl. fem. pronoun”
- sia- pref. “*their; 3rd pl. fem. possessive”
- síse pron. “they (emphatic); 3rd sg. fem. pronoun”
- síva adj. “*their; 3rd pl. fem. possessive emphatic”
- ta- pref. “*their; 3rd pl. neut. possessive”
- ta¹ pron. “they; 3rd pl. neut. pronoun”
- táma adj. “this”
- tanya adj. “that”
- táva adj. “*their; 3rd pl. neut. possessive emphatic”
- tu¹ pron. “they; 3rd pl. masc. pronoun”
- tu² pron. “he”
- tua- pref. “*their; 3rd pl. masc. possessive”
- túto pron. “they (emphatic); 3rd sg. masc. pronoun”
- túva adj. “*their; 3rd pl. masc. possessive emphatic”
- tya- pref. “*your; 2nd sg. possessive”
- tye¹ pron. “that by you”
- tye² pron. “you”
- tyenda adj. “that (of yours)”
- tyent(y)e n. “that (of yours)”
- ya pron. “relative pronoun”
23.5 Noun Inflection
- -i suf. “plural suffix”
- -ie suf. “abstract noun”
- -ika suf. “partitive”
- -inen suf. “of, out of; partitive suffix”
- -l¹ suf. “dative suffix”
- #-le suf. “abstract noun”
- -li suf. “many, multiplicative suffix”
- #-lis suf. “noun suffix”
- #-me suf. “abstract noun”
- -n¹ suf. “genitive suffix”
- -ndon suf. “-ly, -ily; manner suffix”
- -nta suf. “to, at, towards; allative suffix”
- -o suf. “genitive ending”
- -r¹ suf. “plural suffix”
- #-re suf. “noun suffix”
- -sse¹ suf. “at, in, by; inessive suffix”
- #-sse² suf. “abstract noun”
- -t suf. “dual”
- -va suf. “adjectival”
23.6 Verb Inflection
- ‽-ko suf. “reflexive suffix”
- -kto suf. “reflexive”
- -l² suf. “plural [verb]”
- -ma² suf. “passive participle”
- -n² (-nd-) suf. “active participle”
- -r³ suf. “impersonal [verb]”
- -sta suf. “verbal noun, infinitive, gerund”
23.7 Comparative, Intensive
- a-² pref. “*intensive prefix”
- aka adv. “very, intensive”
- aka- pref. “intensive”
- aki adj. “extreme, vehement, excessive”
- akka adv. “too”
- are² adv. “very, intensive”
- ari- pref. “intensive”
- -íne(a) suf. “diminutive”
- -itse (-itsi) suf. “diminutive”
- -lda suf. “augmentative”
- #-lla suf. “diminutive”
- maira adj. “excessive, strong”
- mike- pref. “diminutive”
- olde adv. “very, much, intensive”
- oli- pref. “intensive”
- -pin(ke) suf. “diminutive”
- sa- pref. “intensive”
- -tsa suf. “diminutive”
- -tya¹ suf. “comparative”
- -úme suf. “augmentative”
- -(w)inte suf. “diminutive”
- -(y)ando adj. “augmentative”
23.8 Conjunction
- la prep. “before; than”
- ne conj. “that”
- ómu adv. “*although”
- san¹ conj. and adv. “then, at that time”
- var conj. “or”
- váro adv. “*rather”
- varúse adv. “*in other manner [than]”
- yan conj. “when”
23.9 Affix
- #-a suf. “adjectival suffix”
- ana- pref. “?towards”
- e-¹ pref. “that by you”
- -ilqa suf. “-ly or -like”
- #-ina suf. “adjectival suffix”
- #-ine suf. “noun suffix”
- -inya¹ suf. “worthy to be -”
- #-ite suf. “adjective ending”
- -lta suf. “?causative”
- -mas (-mast-) suf. “-ton, -by”
- #-noina suf. “adjective suffix”
- #-noite suf. “adjective suffix”
- #-nto suf. “fraction suffix”
- #-ra suf. “adjectival suffix”
- #-se suf. “adjective suffix”
- -tule (tuli-) suf. “bearing, etc.”
- -tya² suf. “causative”
- -u suf. “adverb suffix”
- #-voite suf. “adjective suffix”
- #-ya suf. “adjective suffix”