ᴹQ. kalma n. “light, lamp” (Category: Lamp)

References ✧ Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL; PE21/52; PE22/22, 51, 61

Glosses

• “a light, lamp” ✧ Ety/KAL
• “light” ✧ PE22/22; PE22/51; PE22/61

Variations

• kalma ✧ Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL; PE22/22; PE22/51; PE22/61

Inflections

[kalm]ullo	ablative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]allut	ablative dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ullut	ablative dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]illon	ablative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ullon	ablative plural	✧ PE21/52
kalma	accusative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]i	accusative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ir	accusative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ande	allative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]andet	allative dual	✧ PE21/52; PE21/52
[kalm]unden	allative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]alte	comitative dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ar	dative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]en	dative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]atar	dative dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]eren	dative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ir	dative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]íre	dative plural; prosodic-lengthening	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]o	genitive	✧ PE21/52
†[kalm]u	genitive	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]atu	genitive dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]aron	genitive plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ion	genitive plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]unen	instrumental	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]anwen	instrumental dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ínen	instrumental plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]esse	locative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]asset	locative dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]esset	locative dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]essen	locative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]issen	locative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]an	nominative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]at	nominative dual	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]in	nominative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ir	nominative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ulin	nominative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]i	plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]uva	possessive	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]íva	possessive plural; prosodic-lengthening	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]andon	similative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]indon	similative	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ahta	similative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]ihta	similative plural	✧ PE21/52
[kalm]íka	similative plural; prosodic-lengthening	✧ PE21/52

Element In

• ᴹQ. kalmatéma “k-series”

Derivations

• < ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√KAL > kalma

[kalma]

✧ Ety/KAL

ᴱQ. kalma n. “(day)light; candle” (Category: Light)

References ✧ LT1A/Galmir; MC/213-214, 216, 220; PE14/43, 73; PE15/74; PE16/57, 60, 62, 72, 74, 77, 100, 104, 111, 113, 144; PME/44; QL/44

Glosses

• “(day)light” ✧ QL/44
• “candle” ✧ MC/214
• “daylight” ✧ LT1A/Galmir
• “light” ✧ MC/213; PE14/43; PE14/73; PE15/74; PE16/144; PME/44

Variations

• kalma ✧ LT1A/Galmir; MC/213; MC/214; PE14/43; PE14/73; PE14/73; PE15/74; PE16/144; PME/44; QL/44

Inflections

kalma	accusative		✧ PE16/111
kalmat	accusative		✧ PE14/43; PE14/73
kalmalin	accusative plural		✧ PE14/43
kalmalin(t)	accusative plural		✧ PE14/73
kalmea	adjectival		✧ PE16/113
kalmar	dative		✧ PE14/43; PE14/73; PE16/111
kalmalir	dative plural		✧ PE14/43; PE14/73
kalman	genitive		✧ PE14/43; PE14/73
kalmo	genitive		✧ PE16/111
kalma̹lion	genitive plural		✧ PE14/43; PE14/73
kalmainen	instrumental plural	“in the lights”	✧ MC/216; PE16/100
kalmainen	instrumental plural		✧ PE16/104
kalmaliinen	instrumental plural		✧ PE16/72; PE16/77
kalmalínen	instrumental plural	“with ... lights”	✧ MC/220
kalmalínen	instrumental plural		✧ PE16/57; PE16/60; PE16/74
kalmalínen	instrumental plural	“with (or in) ... lights”	✧ PE16/62
kalman	nominative		✧ PE16/111
kalmalin	nominative plural		✧ PE16/111
kalmali	plural		✧ PE14/43; PE14/73

Element In

• ᴱQ. Kalmaliondo “Son of Light”
• ᴱQ. kalmar “child of light”
• ᴱQ. alkantaniéren úrio kalmainen “made it shine in the lights of the sun” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104
• ᴱQ. ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen “*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights” ✧ PE16/77
• ᴱQ. kalma histane “the light fading” ✧ MC/213
• ᴱQ. kulukalmalínen “with golden lights” ✧ MC/220; PE16/57; PE16/60; PE16/62; PE16/72; PE16/74
• ᴱQ. ve kaivo-kalma “a corpse-candle” ✧ MC/214

Derivations

• < ᴱ√KALA¹ “shine golden” ✧ LT1A/Galmir; QL/44

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√KALA > kalma

[galmā] > [galma] > [kalma]

✧ QL/44