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S. dangen [nd-] adj. “slain” (Category: to Kill)

S. dangen [nd-], adj. “slain” (Category: to Kill)

An adjective for “slain” derived from primitive ✶dankĭna (PE17/133), best known from its (mutated plural) appearance in the name Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). N. dangen “slain” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK). This adjective is likely the passive participle of the verb dag- “to slay”.

Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱN. danc “killed in battle” appeared in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s, also related to ᴱN. dag- “slay” (PE14/66).

References ✧ PE17/97, 133

Variations

Changes

Inflections

N(d)engin mixed-mutation plural; nd-mutation “slain” ✧ PE17/97
N(d)engin mixed-mutation plural; nd-mutation “dead” ✧ PE17/97
nenghin nasal-mutation plural   ✧ PE17/133
denghin plural   ✧ PE17/133

Elements

#dag- “to slay” passive-participle ✧ PE17/133 (dangen)

Element In

Cognates

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

dankĭna > daŋχen > danghen > dangen [daŋkina] > [daŋkʰina] > [daŋxina] > [daŋxena] > [daŋxen] > [daŋgen] ✧ PE17/133
dankĭna > nenghin [daŋkini] > [daŋkʰini] > [daŋxini] > [deŋxini] > [deŋxin] > [deŋgin] ✧ PE17/133

N. dangen adj. “slain” (Category: to Kill)

See S. dangen for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/NDAK

Glosses

Variations

Inflections

Ndengin nasal-mutation plural; nd-mutation “slain” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Element In

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√NDAK > dangen [ndaŋkina] > [ndaŋkʰina] > [ndaŋxina] > [daŋxina] > [daŋxena] > [daŋxen] > [daŋgen] ✧ Ety/NDAK
ᴹ√NDAK > Ndengin [ndaŋkini] > [ndaŋkʰini] > [ndaŋxini] > [daŋxini] > [deŋxini] > [deŋxin] > [deŋgin] ✧ Ety/NDAK

ᴱN. danc adj. “killed in battle” (Category: to Kill)

See S. dangen for discussion.

Reference ✧ PE14/66 ✧ “killed in battle”

Elements

dag- “to slay, kill” ✧ PE14/66