Eldamo : Quenya : mat-

Q. mat- v. (basic-verb) “to eat” (Category: to Eat)

Q. mat-, v. (basic-verb) “to eat” (Category: to Eat)

The verb for “to eat” derived from the root √MAT of the same meaning (VT39/7).

Conceptual Development: This verb and root are quite well established, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. mat- and ᴱ√MATA of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/59) and appearing as ᴹQ. mat- and ᴹ√MAT in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MAT), as well as numerous other places albeit with occasional variants like mata- (PE12/26). This verb was one Tolkien often used in examples of verb conjugations and as such its inflected forms changed considerably over time, but that is more a topic of the evolution of the Quenya verb system itself.

References ✧ PE17/13, 76; PE22/131-132, 157, 162; VT39/7

Changes

matatule >> mātante ✧ PE22/157

Inflections

matinye	aorist 1st-sg	“I shall eat”	✧ PE22/131
matuvanye	future 1st-sg	“I shall eat”	✧ PE22/132
matuvatye	future 2nd-sg-familiar	“you [shall] eat”	✧ PE22/162
mătie	gerund	“eating”	✧ PE17/13
mate	infinitive	“to eat”	✧ PE22/132
mante	past	“ate”	✧ VT39/7
mantelme	past 1st-pl-exclusive		✧ PE17/76
matatule	past-imperfect	“was eating”	✧ PE22/157
mātane	past-imperfect	“was eating”	✧ PE22/157
mātante	past-imperfect	“was eating”	✧ PE22/157
(a)mátie	perfect	“have eaten”	✧ PE17/13
amātielmi	perfect 1st-pl-exclusive		✧ PE17/76
mātare	present 3rd-sg		✧ PE17/76

Element In

ᴺQ. !accamátala “over-eating”
ᴺQ. !accamatië “over-eating”
ᴺQ. !avamat- “to fast, (lit.) refuse to eat”
ᴺQ. !matimar “restaurant, (lit.) eating hall”
ᴺQ. !matina “eaten”
Q. lamate “fasting, a fast”
Q. mátima “edible”
Q. #-matya “-eating”
Q. †en i matinye “I shall eat then soon” ✧ PE22/131
Q. †umbestë matë “he was going to eat” ✧ PE22/132
Q. vá matuvatyë mastanya “you are not to eat my bread, you shan’t eat my bread” ✧ PE22/162

Cognates

S. #mad- “to eat”
T. mat- “to eat”

Derivations

< √MAT “eat” ✧ VT39/7 (MATA)
< ✶mat- “to eat” ✧ PE22/132 (mat-ubā-ni/njē); PE22/157 (mātānē)
- < √MAT “eat”

Phonetic Developments

✶mat-ubā-ni/njē > matuvanye	[matubānjē] > [matuβānjē] > [matuβanjē] > [matuβanje] > [matuvanje]	✧ PE22/132
√MATA > mante	[mante]	✧ VT39/7

ᴹQ. mat- v. (basic-verb) “to eat” (Category: to Eat)

See Q. mat- for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/MAT; EtyAC/MAT; PE22/99-100, 102, 104-109, 119-120, 127; VT48/32

Glosses

“eat” ✧ Ety/MAT; EtyAC/MAT (mat-)

Variations

mat- ✧ Ety/MAT; EtyAC/MAT (mat-)

mátienwa “having been eaten” beside mantienwa ✧ PE22/109

Changes

matanta >> mátaina ✧ PE22/108
(a)mátienwa >> mátienwa “having been eaten” ✧ PE22/109
amantienwa >> mantienwa ✧ PE22/109
matuvanta >> matuvaina ✧ PE22/109

Inflections

matia	active-participle		✧ PE22/100
matia	active-participle	“eating”	✧ PE22/106
mate	aorist	“eat”	✧ PE22/127
matis	aorist with-sg-object	“eats it”	✧ PE22/107
matite	aorist with-sg-object	“eating (to eat)”	✧ PE22/120
matuva	future		✧ PE22/105
matuvalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/109
matuvaina	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
matuvanta	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
matie	gerund	“eating”	✧ PE22/99; PE22/119; PE22/120
matalya	imperfect-participle	“eating”	✧ PE22/107
matanta	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/108
mátaina	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/108
matina	passive-participle	“eaten”	✧ PE22/107
mante	past		✧ PE22/102; PE22/119
†matumne	past-future	“I was going to eat”	✧ VT48/32
amantie	perfect; reformed-perfect		✧ PE22/102
amantie	perfect		✧ PE22/104
†amátie	perfect		✧ PE22/102
amantier	perfect plural; reformed-perfect		✧ PE22/104
amantielti	perfect plural with-pl-object; reformed-perfect		✧ PE22/104
(a)mátienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
amantienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
mantienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
mátienwa	perfect-passive-participle	“having been eaten”	✧ PE22/109
māta	present	“be eating”	✧ PE22/100

Element In

ᴹQ. #matie “eating”
ᴹQ. mattima “edible”
ᴹQ. (a)·matis “it is eaten (one eats it)” ✧ PE22/107
ᴹQ. etta matie masta “his eating bread” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. etta matie the ye úmahta “his eating it is a nuisance” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. helávate mate “they will not eat it” ✧ PE22/127
ᴹQ. matie ye mára “eating is (a) good (thing)” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. ni·la nyára pa matie “I am not talking about eating” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. nila tyaze matie makse “I do not like eating meat” ✧ PE22/120
ᴹQ. níla tyaze matite sí “I don’t like eating (to eat) it now” ✧ PE22/120
ᴹQ. te ye matina “it is eaten” ✧ PE22/107
ᴹQ. Túro matie masta “Túro’s eating bread” ✧ PE22/119
ᴹQ. yára Túro mante ilqa masta ha mé·ne úmahtale “old Túro’s eating of all the bread was a nuisance to us” ✧ PE22/119

Cognates

ᴹT. mat- “to eat”
N. mad- “to eat” ✧ Ety/MAT (medi); EtyAC/MAT (mad-)

Derivations

< ᴹ√MAT “eat” ✧ Ety/MAT; EtyAC/MAT (MAT); PE22/102

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√MAT > mat-	[mat-]	✧ Ety/MAT
ᴹ√MAT > mat-	[mat-]	✧ EtyAC/MAT

ᴱQ. mata- v. “to eat” (Category: to Eat)

See Q. mat- for discussion.

References ✧ PE12/26; PE14/23, 28, 34, 56-59, 70, 85; PE16/141; QL/43, 59

Glosses

“eat” ✧ PE12/26; PE14/28 (mat-); PE14/57 (mat-); PE16/141 (mat-); QL/43 (máta-); QL/59 (mat-)

Variations

mata- ✧ PE12/26
mat- ✧ PE14/28; PE14/57; PE16/141; QL/59
máta- ✧ QL/43

Inflections

mata	?		✧ PE14/23
matan	?		✧ PE14/23
matando	?		✧ PE14/23
matar	?		✧ PE14/23
matasse	?		✧ PE14/23
matasti	?		✧ PE14/23
matya	aorist		✧ PE14/34
matse	aorist fem		✧ PE14/34
matso	aorist masc		✧ PE14/34
matta	aorist neut		✧ PE14/34
matuva	future		✧ PE14/57
mat	imperative		✧ PE14/59
mansie	past		✧ PE14/57; PE14/58
mante	past		✧ PE14/57; QL/59
mante	past	“ate”	✧ PE14/85
mantye	past		✧ PE14/58
mansier	past impersonal		✧ PE14/57
mansiel	past plural		✧ PE14/57
mate	present		✧ PE14/57; PE14/70
mate	present	“eat”	✧ PE14/58
mate	present	“eats”	✧ PE14/85
matsin	present active-participle		✧ PE14/57
matsista	present gerund		✧ PE14/57
matsir	present impersonal	“is eaten”	✧ PE14/56
matsir	present impersonal		✧ PE14/57
matsir	present impersonal	“one eats; is eaten”	✧ PE14/85
matsi	present plural		✧ PE14/70
matsil	present plural		✧ PE14/57
matsikto	present reflexive		✧ PE14/57
matsilto	present reflexive plural		✧ PE14/57

Element In

ᴱQ. manta “eaten”
ᴱQ. #matsile “bear”
ᴱQ. #-matwa “*-eating”
ᴱQ. ha·matsir “one eats it, it is eaten” ✧ PE14/56; PE14/85
ᴱQ. hi·mante “she ate” ✧ PE14/85
ᴱQ. hu·mate “he eats” ✧ PE14/85
ᴱQ. kamanta- “to make eat, give to eat” ✧ QL/43 ([ka]máta-)
ᴱQ. matsima “edible” ✧ QL/59
ᴱQ. matso “food” ✧ PE16/141

Cognates

G. mad- “to eat”

Derivations

< ᴱ√MATA “eat” ✧ QL/59
< ᴱ✶mat- “to eat” ✧ PE14/58; PE14/58; PE14/70 (matī); PE14/70 (mati)
- < ᴱ√MATA “eat”

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ✶mat- > mansie	[mantiē] > [mantie] > [mantsie] > [mansie]	✧ PE14/58
ᴱ✶mat- > mantye	[mantjē] > [mantje]	✧ PE14/58
ᴱ✶matī > matsi	[matī] > [mati] > [matsi]	✧ PE14/70
ᴱ✶mati > mate	[mati] > [mate]	✧ PE14/70
ᴱ√MATA > mat-	[mat-]	✧ QL/59