Q. car- v. (basic-verb) “to do, make”

Q. car-, v. (basic-verb) “to do, make, [ᴹQ.] build”

References ✧ PE17/58, 68, 74, 94, 129, 132, 144; PE22/152, 154-155, 161-162, 167; VT39/20; VT41/13, 17; VT42/33-34; VT43/15, 26; VT49/16, 20, 34; WJ/371, 391

Variations

• kar- ✧ PE22/152; VT39/20 (#kar-)

Related

• kāren ‽ later [past form] to avoid clash with carne “red” ✧ PE22/152

Changes

• karuvala >> karuvaila ✧ PE22/155

Inflections

karil(y)a	active-participle		✧ PE22/152: aorist act[ive adj.]
karila	active-participle	“doing”	✧ PE22/155
care	aorist	“make”	✧ PE17/144
care	aorist	“*done”	✧ VT43/15
care	aorist		✧ VT49/16
cari-	aorist	“make”	✧ VT43/26: stem
kare	aorist		✧ PE17/94; PE17/132
kare	aorist	“to do”	✧ VT42/34
karimmo	aorist 1st-dual-exclusive		✧ PE17/132
karilmo	aorist 1st-dual-inclusive		✧ PE17/132
karilme	aorist 1st-pl-exclusive		✧ PE17/129: a merge of exclusive and inclusive forms [as part of Tolkien’s attempt to justify Frodo using -lmo in the first edition of The Lord of the Rings]
karimbe	aorist 1st-pl-exclusive		✧ PE17/132
karilme	aorist 1st-pl-inclusive		✧ PE17/132
karin	aorist 1st-sg	“I make”	✧ PE22/152: aor.
karin(ye)	aorist 1st-sg		✧ PE17/132
karillo	aorist 2nd-dual		✧ PE17/132
karistar	aorist 2nd-dual-honorific		✧ PE17/132
karille	aorist 2nd-pl		✧ PE17/132
kariltar	aorist 2nd-pl-honorific		✧ PE17/132
karitar	aorist 2nd-sg-honorific		✧ PE17/132
carilye	aorist 2nd-sg-polite	“you do”	✧ PE17/58
karil(ye)	aorist 2nd-sg-polite		✧ PE17/132
karisto	aorist 3rd-dual		✧ PE17/132
karinte	aorist 3rd-pl		✧ PE17/132
karis	aorist 3rd-sg		✧ PE17/129
karis	aorist 3rd-sg	“he is ... to do”	✧ PE22/162
karis(se)	aorist 3rd-sg		✧ PE17/132
karis-	aorist 3rd-sg		✧ PE17/129
karit	aorist dual		✧ PE17/132
karir	aorist plural		✧ PE17/132
karir	aorist plural	“form”	✧ WJ/391
carilta	aorist plural with-pl-object		✧ VT43/26
carires	aorist plural with-sg-object		✧ VT43/26
carita	aorist with-pl-object		✧ VT43/26
caris	aorist with-sg-object		✧ VT43/26
caruva	future	“shall make”	✧ PE17/144
karuvalwe	future 1st-pl-inclusive	“we [shall] make”	✧ PE22/161
caruvan(ye)	future 1st-sg	“I am going to do/shall do (it)”	✧ PE22/167
kăruvn(ye)	future 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152: fut.
karuvas	future 3rd-sg		✧ PE22/162
karuvaila	future-participle		✧ PE22/152; PE22/155
karuvala	future-participle		✧ PE22/155
kăruvalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/152
karie	gerund		✧ PE17/68: general infinitive
kărie	gerund	“doing”	✧ PE22/152
cara	imperative	“*done”	✧ VT43/15
care	infinitive	“do”	✧ VT49/34
kar-e	infinitive	“do, make”	✧ PE22/152
kare	infinitive	“(to) do”	✧ PE17/68: simplest aorist infinitive
kare	infinitive		✧ PE22/152
kare	infinitive	“doing”	✧ PE22/154
kare	infinitive	“do”	✧ VT49/20
kare	infinitive	“do [it]”	✧ WJ/371
añkárie	intensive gerund		✧ PE17/94
karita	particular-infinitive	“to do (in this case)”	✧ PE22/154
karita	particular-infinitive	“to do”	✧ VT41/17; VT42/33
karitalya(s)	particular-infinitive 2nd-sg-polite-poss with-sg-object	“your doing (it)”	✧ PE22/154; VT41/17; VT42/33
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object		✧ PE22/154
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object	“to do it”	✧ VT41/13
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object	“to do so”	✧ VT41/13
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object	“doing it”	✧ VT41/17
karitas	particular-infinitive with-sg-object	“doing this”	✧ VT42/34
carina	passive-participle	“*done”	✧ VT43/15
karina	passive-participle		✧ PE22/152: aor. passive adj.
carne	past	“did make”	✧ PE17/144
karne	past	“did”	✧ PE17/74
karne	past		✧ PE22/152
karnen	past 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152: past
kāren	past 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152
akárienye	perfect 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152: perf.
karnelya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/152
kárielya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/152
káriéla	perfect-participle; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/152; PE22/155
kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE17/68: a past form [of the passive participle?]; rare; [it seems to be formed form the perfect (a)kárie]
kari-nwa	perfective-participle		✧ PE17/68: simple past passive participle
cára	present	“am making”	✧ PE17/144
káranye	present 1st-sg		✧ PE22/152: pres. cont

Element In

• ᴺQ. ahtar- “to do back, react; ⚠️to requite, avenge”
• ᴺQ. !ascarë “easily done”
• ᴺQ. !atacar- “to revenge, (lit.) back-make”
• ᴺQ. !cacar- “to continue, go on doing”
• ᴺQ. !cariendë “production”
• ᴺQ. !maicarindo “benefactor”
• ᴺQ. !ocaraitië “program, a set of activities”
• ᴺQ. !tercara “thorough, elaborate, comprehensive”
• ᴺQ. !ulcarindo “evil-doer”
• ᴺQ. !yocar- “to assemble, compose, construct”
• Q. á carë (sí) ancárië “try harder” ✧ PE17/94; PE17/94
• Q. á carë (sí) ancárië “try harder” ✧ PE17/94; PE17/94
• Q. ahtar- “to do back, react; to requite, avenge”
• Q. alacarna “well-done, well-made”
• Q. carda “deed” ✧ PE22/152 (karda)
• Q. #carë “action, doing, making”
• Q. cárima “feasible, possible (to do), able to be done”
• Q. carma² “tool, implement, means, weapon” ✧ PE22/152 (karma)
• Q. carmë “art; making, production; structure”
• Q. #-carya “doing”
• Q. hrúcarë “evil-doing”
• Q. na carë indómelya “thy will be done” ✧ VT43/9; VT43/11; VT43/12
• Q. #nancar- “to undo”
• Q. urucárima “hard to make / do”
• Q. urucarin “made with difficulty”
• Q. ván caruva “I will not (do not intend) to make” ✧ PE17/144
• Q. A carnë ta yallë B (carnë) “A did that as / like B (did)” ✧ PE17/74
• Q. alasaila ná lá carë tai mo nave mára “it is unwise not to do what one judges good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
• Q. áva carë “Don’t do it” ✧ WJ/371
• Q. carë mára quí tyarë naxa “doing good may cause evil” ✧ PE22/154
• Q. carilye tar “you do, sir” ✧ PE17/58
• Q. carina “done” ✧ VT43/15
• Q. ecë nin care sa “I can do that” ✧ VT49/20
• Q. ecuva nin carë sa noa “I ‘may’ do that tomorrow, I have a chance of doing that [tomorrow]” ✧ VT49/20
• Q. i carir quettar ómainen “those who form words with voices” ✧ WJ/391
• Q. ilúcara “omnificient” ✧ VT39/20 (ilúkara)
• Q. lacarë “not-doing, inaction” ✧ PE22/154 (lakare)
• Q. lá carita i hamil mára alasaila ná “not to do (in this case) what you judge good (would be) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
• Q. lá caritas alasaila cé nauva “not doing this may be/prove unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
• Q. lá caritas, navin, alasaila ná “not doing this would be (I think) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
• Q. la navin caritalyas mára “I do not advise you to do so, (lit.) I don’t judge your doing (it) good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
• Q. ma caruvalwë ohta “shall we make war” ✧ PE22/161
• Q. orë nin caritas “I feel an urge/wish/desire to do it” ✧ VT41/13
• Q. orë nin caritas nó namin alasaila “I would like / feel moved to do so but judge it unwise” ✧ VT41/13
• Q. uan cára “I am not making” ✧ PE17/144
• Q. uan carë “I do not make” ✧ PE17/144
• Q. uan carnë “I did not make” ✧ PE17/144
• Q. uan caruva “I am not going to make” ✧ PE17/144; PE17/144
• Q. uin carë “I do not make” ✧ PE17/68; PE22/152
• Q. vá caris i “he is not to do it (now or ever); in any case (whatever may be said, desired, or may occur to the contrary) he is not to do this” ✧ PE22/162
• Q. vá caruvalwë (ohta) “we will not (make war)” ✧ PE22/161
• Q. vá caruvas i ✧ PE22/162

Cognates

• S. car- “to do, make” ✧ PE17/68 (cared); PE17/132 (cerin); PE17/132 (cerig); PE17/132 (cerið); PE17/132 (câr); PE17/132 (cerim); PE17/132 (cerinc); PE17/132 (cerigir); PE17/132 (ceriðir); PE17/132 (cerir); PE17/132 (cerim/cerim(m)id); PE17/132 (cerinc/ceringid); PE17/132 (cerich); PE17/132 (cerið(id)); PE17/132 (cerist)
• T. car- “to do” ✧ WJ/371 (care)

Derivations

• < ✶kar- “do, make” ✧ PE17/129 (karize-); PE22/167 (kar|ubā|ni)
  • < √KAR “do, make, build” ✧ PE18/95

Phonetic Developments

✶karize- > karis-	[karise] > [karize] > [karire]	✧ PE17/129
✶kar|ubā|ni > caruvan(ye)	[karubāni] ? [karubān] > [karuβān] > [karuβan] > [karuvan]	✧ PE22/167

ᴹQ. kar- v. (basic-verb) “to do, make, build”

References ✧ Ety/KAR; LR/47, 56, 72; PE17/14; PE22/97, 99-101, 103-112, 116, 118-119, 121-123, 127; SD/246, 310; VT43/15

Changes

• karanta >> káraina ✧ PE22/108
• kárielya >> akárielya ✧ PE22/108
• (a)kárienwa >> kárienwa “having been made” ✧ PE22/109
• karuvanta >> karuvaina ✧ PE22/109
• karanta >> karaina ✧ PE22/109
• karuvanta >> karuvaina ✧ PE22/109
• karnéva >> káriéva ✧ PE22/109
• karnévane >> káriévane ✧ PE22/109
• karnes >> karnet ✧ PE22/121
• karis >> karit ✧ PE22/127

Inflections

karia	active-participle		✧ PE22/100
karia	active-participle	“making”	✧ PE22/106
karia	active-participle		✧ PE22/109; PE22/116
karia	active-participle		✧ PE22/109
karia	active-participle	“active (in making)”	✧ PE22/110
kare	aorist		✧ PE22/109
kare	aorist	“make(s)”	✧ PE22/109
kare	aorist	“to make”	✧ PE22/127
kărĕ	aorist		✧ PE22/99
kărĭ-	aorist	“do”	✧ PE22/99
karin	aorist 1st-sg	“I make, build”	✧ Ety/KAR
karit	aorist dual		✧ PE22/99
karit	aorist dual		✧ PE22/109
karir	aorist plural		✧ PE22/99; PE22/109
karin	aorist with-1st-sg-object	“makes me”	✧ PE22/99
karin	aorist with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karin	aorist with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karilthi	aorist with-pl-object	“to make them”	✧ PE22/127
karis	aorist with-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karis	aorist with-sg-object	“make it”	✧ PE22/127
karit	aorist with-sg-object	“make it”	✧ PE22/127
karite	aorist with-sg-object	“making it”	✧ PE22/119
karite	aorist with-sg-object	“make it”	✧ PE22/123
karalyane	consuetudinal-past	“I used to make”	✧ PE22/101
karalyane	consuetudinal-past		✧ PE22/109
karalyane	consuetudinal-past		✧ PE22/109
karuva	future	“shall/will/am going to make”	✧ PE22/105
karuva	future		✧ PE22/109
karuva	future		✧ PE22/109
karuvā-	future	“will make, (originally) is proceeding to/going to make”	✧ PE22/97
karuvar	future plural		✧ PE22/109
karuvan	future with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karalyuva	future-imperfect		✧ PE22/109
karuvalya	future-participle	“about to make”	✧ PE22/109
karuvalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/109
karuvalya	future-participle		✧ PE22/109
karuvaina	future-passive-participle	“going to be made”	✧ PE22/109
karuvaina	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karuvanta	future-passive-participle	“going to be made”	✧ PE22/109
karuvanta	future-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109; PE22/109
akáriéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“shall have made”	✧ PE22/105
karnéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/105; PE22/109
karnēva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“shall have made”	✧ PE22/104
káriéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
káriéva	future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“has finished”	✧ PE22/121
karie	gerund	“making”	✧ PE22/99; PE22/119
karie	gerund		✧ PE22/109
karie	gerund		✧ PE22/109
karie	gerund	“making (things)”	✧ PE22/119
kariemma	gerund 1st-pl-inclusive-poss	“our doing”	✧ PE17/14
karalya	imperfect-participle	“doing, making”	✧ PE22/107
karalya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/109
karalya	imperfect-participle		✧ PE22/109
karalya	imperfect-participle	“making”	✧ PE22/123
karaina	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karanta	imperfect-passive-participle	“being made”	✧ PE22/108
karanta	imperfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109; PE22/109
káraina	imperfect-passive-participle	“being made”	✧ PE22/108
kare	infinitive		✧ PE22/99
kare	infinitive	“(to) make”	✧ PE22/109
karilthi	infinitive plural with-remote-pl-object	“to make them (other things)”	✧ PE22/118
karilte	infinitive plural with-sg-object	“to make it”	✧ PE22/118
karin	infinitive with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/99
karithe	infinitive with-remote-sg-object	“to do it”	✧ PE22/118
karite	infinitive with-sg-object	“to make it”	✧ PE22/118
akarnelye	long-perfect		✧ PE22/109
akarnelye	long-perfect		✧ PE22/109
akárielye	long-perfect	“I have been making”	✧ PE22/104
akărnelye	long-perfect		✧ PE22/104
karina	passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karina	passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karina	passive-participle	“made”	✧ PE22/111; VT43/15
karĭna	passive-participle	“made”	✧ PE22/107
karne	past		✧ Ety/KAR; PE22/109
karne	past	“made”	✧ PE22/103
karne	past		✧ PE22/109
káre	past	“made”	✧ LR/72; SD/246
kāre	past	“made”	✧ LR/47; SD/310
karner	past plural		✧ PE22/109
karnen	past with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
karnes	past with-sg-object		✧ PE22/121
karnet	past with-sg-object		✧ PE22/121
karnéte	past with-sg-object; prosodic-lengthening	“had made (lit. made) it”	✧ PE22/118
†karuváne	past-future; prosodic-lengthening	“was going to make”	✧ PE22/105
karúvane	past-future; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/105: later
karúvane	past-future; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
karúvane	past-future; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
(a)káriévane	past-future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening	“was going to have made”	✧ PE22/105
karnévane	past-future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
káriévane	past-future-perfect; prosodic-lengthening		✧ PE22/109
kárane	past-imperfect	“was making”	✧ PE22/101
kárane	past-imperfect		✧ PE22/109
kárane	past-imperfect		✧ PE22/109
káraner	past-imperfect plural		✧ PE22/109
akárie	perfect		✧ PE22/103; PE22/109
akárie	perfect		✧ PE22/109
kárie	perfect	“made”	✧ LR/56
kárie	perfect; augmentless	“finishes”	✧ PE22/121
kárielto	perfect 3rd-pl; augmentless	“they made”	✧ LR/72
kárier	perfect plural; augmentless	“they made”	✧ LR/72
ăkárier	perfect plural		✧ PE22/109
akárin	perfect with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
akárielya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/108; PE22/108
akárielya	perfect-participle	“that is already built”	✧ PE22/108
akárielya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/109
karnelya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/108; PE22/109
karnelya	perfect-participle	“having built”	✧ PE22/108
karnelya	perfect-participle	“that had been (already) built”	✧ PE22/108
karnelya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/109
kárielya	perfect-participle		✧ PE22/108
(a)kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle	“having been made”	✧ PE22/109
kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
{a}kárienwa	perfect-passive-participle		✧ PE22/109
karinwa	perfective-participle	“made, finished, done, completed”	✧ PE22/106
karinwa	perfective-participle		✧ PE22/109
karinwa	perfective-participle		✧ PE22/109
karinwa	perfective-participle	“fully made, completed”	✧ PE22/112
karnelyane	pluperfect	“I was having made, I had made”	✧ PE22/104
karnelyane	pluperfect	“had made”	✧ PE22/108
karnelyane	pluperfect		✧ PE22/109
karnelyane	pluperfect		✧ PE22/109
kára	present		✧ PE22/109
kára	present		✧ PE22/109
kāra	present	“be doing”	✧ PE22/100
kára	present infinitive	“(to) be making”	✧ PE22/100
kára	present plural	“are ... making”	✧ PE22/127
kárar	present plural		✧ PE22/109
káralti	present plural with-pl-object	“are ... making them”	✧ PE22/127
káran	present with-1st-sg-object		✧ PE22/109
kárathe	present with-remote-sg-object	“is (then) making it”	✧ PE22/118
kára(za)	present with-sg-object	“doing it”	✧ PE22/122
káraza	present with-sg-object	“doing this”	✧ PE22/122

Element In

• ᴹQ. kakarra- “to keep on doing”
• ᴹQ. karaite “able to make, handy, crafty, craftsmanlike, skilled”
• ᴹQ. karaste “making, manufacture, construction”
• ᴹQ. karie “making”
• ᴹQ. kárima “able to be made, feasible”
• ᴹQ. Tar-Kalion ohtakáre Valannar “Tar-Kalion made war on the Powers” ✧ LR/47; LR/56; SD/246; SD/310
• ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet “if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen, en(ai) ni·túlie/karnet “if he had asked me, I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú “if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. á kela karit “do not make it!” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. e·kestane ataretta karithe “he asked his father to do it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ella karie nye te “making it for me (would be kind) of you” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. en kárielto eldain Isil, hildin Úr-anar; toi írimar “for Elves they made the Moon, but for Men the red Sun; which are beautiful” ✧ LR/72; LR/72
• ᴹQ. ha inya karite “I am to (have to) make it” ✧ PE22/123
• ᴹQ. ha le·nye karite “making it for me (would be kind) of you” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. helalthi menne kare/helar menne karilthi “they did not mean to make them” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. he·meruvar i Túro kárathe “they will wish that T. is (then) making it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. Ilu Ilúvatar en káre eldain a fírimoin “the Father made the World for Elves and Mortals” ✧ LR/72
• ᴹQ. karie nyé·te “making it for me (would be kind)” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. karie ye mólome “making (things) is hard work” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. le·merne i ni·karnéte “you wished that I had made (lit. made) it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. már akárielya e·tuve “he finds a house that is already built” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. már akárielya e utúlie “*having built a house he has come” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. már akárielya e·utúvie “he has found a house that is already built” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. már karnelya e·tulle “having built a house he came” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. már karnelya e·túve “he found a house that had been (already) built” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. melalti kára/melar káralti “we are not making them” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. me·le·lávanelti kare “we were not going to make them for you” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. me·merilte karithe “we wish him to do it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. me·merilti karilthi “we wish them to make them (other things)” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro kárathe “we wished that Turo was making it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. me telir karilte “we mean to make it” ✧ PE22/118; PE22/118
• ᴹQ. nila karit “I do not make it” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·karithe “I wish him to do it/that he do(es) it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni·merite karithe “I wish him to do it” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni tele karite “I mean to make it” ✧ PE22/118; PE22/118
• ᴹQ. qe e·kárie i kirya aldaryas, ni kauva kiryasta menelyas “if he finishes the boat by Monday, I shall be able to sail on Wednesday” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. yé karalya “to be making” ✧ PE22/123

Derivations

• < ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” ✧ Ety/KAR; PE22/103

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ√KAR > karin	[karin]	✧ Ety/KAR
ᴹ√KAR > karne	[karne]	✧ PE22/103

ᴱQ. kara- v. “to do, make”

References ✧ PE14/58, 84; PE15/71; QL/45

Glosses

• “do” ✧ PE15/71

Variations

• kara ✧ PE15/71
• #kar- ✧ QL/45

Inflections

karne	past		✧ PE14/58; PE15/71
karne	past	“did”	✧ PE14/84
káre	past		✧ QL/45
kārie	past		✧ PE15/71
kare	present	“make”	✧ PE14/58
kare	present		✧ PE15/71
karin	present 1st-sg	“I make, do”	✧ QL/45

Element In

• ᴱQ. hu·karne ha min “he did it first (i.e. either before anyone else did so, or before he did anything else)” ✧ PE14/84
• ᴱQ. karina “finished” ✧ QL/45

Cognates

• G. cartha- “to finish, make”

Derivations

• < ᴱ√KARA “do, make” ✧ QL/45
• < ᴱ✶kar- “to make” ✧ PE14/58
  • < ᴱ√KARA “do, make”

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ✶kar > kare	[kar-]	✧ PE14/58
ᴱ√KARA > karin	[kar-]	✧ QL/45